against various state-level bans and moratoriums on unconventional gas production threatened the NEG’s success, and advocated for their removal. APPEA has expressed support for climate policy consistent with an international price on carbon and in December 2018 Malcolm Roberts called for the finalization of UNFCCC rules on trading emissions permits and credits. However, the organization in the meantime appears opposed to more achievable policy ambitions at the national level. Climate Policy Score: EWhilst CAPP has acknowledged climate change and the need for action, its lobbying clearly favours the Canadian oil and gas sector’s global competitiveness in opposition to climate change policy. The group has, for example, continuously warned of the threat posed by carbon leakage to counter ambitions in Canada to reduce emissions. Since 2016, the group appeared to have become more outwardly supportive of the concept of carbon pricing policy. However this support has been based on the condition that a federal policy “not only preserve, but enhance" the sector by recycling revenues from the scheme back to the oil and gas companies. In 2018, CAPP argued for the federal government to provide the oil and gas sector with increased subsidies to compensate for the costs of the federal carbon tax scheme as a “trade-exposed industry”. A December 2018 report indicated that oil and gas companies will have on average 80% of their emissions exempt from federal carbon pricing. At the same time, CAPP has lobbied to weaken carbon pricing regulation already implemented in several Canadian provinces, whilst opposing it in provinces without such regulation. For example, in Alberta, CAPP directly lobbied policymakers in 2018 to ensure exemptions for the sector until 2023 and in 2017 lobbied for a weaker carbon tax in British Columbia. In Ontario, CAPP appears to have funded a social media campaign attacking carbon pricing in the lead up to elections in June 2018. In 2016-17, CAPP directly lobbied the Canadian government to weaken proposed methane emission standards, advocating instead for voluntary standards and a delay in their introduction. It also opposed a “prescriptive” enforcement of methane rules in Alberta. In 2018, CAPP argued that the Clean Fuels Standard is duplicative and called on the Canadian government to limit its scope by exempting the upstream oil and natural gas sector. CAPP promotes policy to enable a “strong growth scenario” for oil and gas in Alberta and used its ’Energy Platform’ to influence voters on this issue prior to elections in the state in June 2018. In a September 2018 submission to Alberta policymakers, the group pushed for measures including streamlined regulatory timelines and a range of ‘financial levers’ to incentivise the expansion of oil sands exploitation Climate Policy Score: E+ FuelsEurope is negatively lobbying EU climate change policy. Despite stating support for the Paris Agreement in 2015, FuelsEurope has stressed carbon leakage concerns to warn against EU climate ambition. In a 2018 consultation with the European Commission on increasing the EU’s contribution to global GHG emission reductions, FuelsEurope argued that Europe should not focus on “ever-higher unilateral targets”. While appearing to support the EU ETS as an alternative to other climate policies, FuelsEurope has not supported reforms to raise its carbon price. In 2016-17, FuelsEurope communicated opposition to an import inclusion mechanism and free allowance reductions related to the scheme. Throughout 2018 the organisation engaged EU policymakers to secure continued compensation for the refinery sector for costs related to the scheme. FuelsEurope has communicated opposition to binding 27 InfluenceMap March 2019