Annex A: Timeline of Respondent Carbon Majors’
knowledge of climate risks and action and/or inaction
in light of foreseeable harms
This timeline provides an overview of a selection of the documentary evidence submitted during
the course of the National Inquiry on Climate Change (NICC), Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines.
The memorandum describes these documents and provides the full citation to the sources.
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Exhibit “GGGGG” to “GGGGG-35,” Profile and Statement
of Carroll Muffett, dated 20 August 2018,
available at https://www.dropbox.com/s/nw7q1nyl74vzf42/
Exh%20GGGGG%20Carroll%20Muffett%20Statement.
pdf?dl=0 (last accessed on 12 September 2019).
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Carroll Muffett of the Center for International Environmental Law
The fossil fuel industry should have been aware that fossil fuel combustion
could alter the global climate by the early 20th century.
Three-quarters of CO2 emissions
have remained in the atmosphere
Exhibit “VV” to “VV-8,” Callendar, G. S. (1938),
The Artificial Production of Carbon Dioxide and its Influence
on Temperature, Quarterly Journal of the Royal
Meteorological, available at http://www.met.reading.
ac.uk/~ed/callendar_1938.pdf
(last accessed on 12 September 2019).
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In the 1950s and 1960s, the fossil fuel industry was actively engaging
in climate science and had actual knowledge of the grave dangers posed
to people by climate change arising from the use of their fossil fuel products.
A proposal to the American Petroleum
Institute, Steady increase
in CO2 concentration
Exhibit “BBBBBBBBB” to “BBBBBBBBB-1,” Franta, B. (2018),
Early Oil Industry Knowledge of CO2 and Global Warming
citing Brown, H., Epstein, S., Lowenstam, H. & McKinney, C. R.
The Determination of the Variations and Causes of Variations
of the Isotopic Composition of Carbon in Nature: A Proposal
to the American Petroleum Institute from the Division of
Geological Sciences, the California Institute
of Technology (California Institute of Technology, 1954)
available at https://www.dropbox.com/s/k6687hn28svm3vz/
Exh%20BBBBBBBBB%20Ben%20Franta.pdf?dl=0
(last accessed on 12 September 2019).
Humble Oil (now ExxonMobil),
Fossil fuels contributing
to high levels of CO2 emissions
Exhibit “YY” to “YY-7,” Brannon, H. R., Daughtry, A. C.,
Perry, D., Whitaker, W. W., & Williams, M. (1957), Radiocarbon
Evidence on the Dilution of Atmospheric
and Oceanic Carbon by Carbon from Fossil Fuels. Eos,
Transactions American Geophysical Union , 38(5), 643-650,
doi:10.1029/TR038i005p00643, available at
https://www.smokeandfumes.org/documents/7
(last accessed on 12 September 2019).
Smoke and Fumes Committee
submission to
U.S. Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare: Sources of Air Pollution,
Transportation (Petroleum)
C.A. Jones, Executive Secretary, Smoke and Fumes Committee,
American Petroleum Institute, submitted to United States
Department of Health Education and Welfare (19 November
1958), Sources of Air Pollution: Transportation (Petroleum),
p. 2., available at https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/
docs/#id=xrcm0047 (last accessed on 12 September 2019).
CO2 emissions and sea level rise
Exhibit “TT” to “TT-27,” Printed PowerPoint presentation
of Carroll Muffett, entitled “The Legal and Evidentiary Basis
for Holding Carbon Majors Accountable for the Climate Crisis,
slide 25 citing Teller, E. (1960) Energy patterns of the future.
In Energy and Man: A Symposium (pp. 53-72) available at
https://www.dropbox.com/s/cx5w2lxssb6m9a8/Exhibit%20
TT%20to%20TT-27%20Carroll%20Muffett%20PowerPoint.
pptx?dl=0 (last accessed on 12 September 2019).
National Academy of Sciences,
CO2 emissions contribute
to higher average temperatures
Exhibit “TT” to “TT-27,” Printed PowerPoint presentation of
Carroll Muffett, entitled “The Legal and Evidentiary Basis for
Holding Carbon Majors Accountable for the Climate Crisis, slide
28 citing Hubbert, M.K (1962), Energy Resources: A Report to
the Committee on Natural Resources of the National Academy
of Sciences--National Research Council. United States,
available at https://www.dropbox.com/s/cx5w2lxssb6m9a8/
Exhibit%20TT%20to%20TT-27%20Carroll%20Muffett%20PowerPoint.pptx?dl=0 (last accessed on 12 September 2019).
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