environmental targets, including EU energy efficiency targets and has supported a transport exemption from the EU energy efficiency obligation scheme. FuelsEurope has previously opposed renewable energy legislation, advocating against both the binding 27% EU 2030 renewable energy target and renewable subsidies in 2014-16 consultation responses. Since then, the organisation has supported a closer alignment between EU renewable energy policy and transport policy. In 2017, the group appears to have been more accepting of a EU-wide renewable energy target of 27%, focusing on promoting the role that renewable fuels can play in achieving it, although not specifying a position on proposals to raise this target and arguing that any target should be realistic and flexible. Between 2016-2018, FuelsEurope has been critical of increasing EU vehicle GHG emission standards arguing that this “risks misleading the car industry into premature electrification ” and neglects the “potential for further efficiency improvements in conventional vehicles”. In 2018, the organisation has proposed changes to the policy to give vehicle producers extra compliance credits to count towards CO2 reduction targets if renewable fuels are used. FuelsEurope opposes policy promoting the electrification of transportation and its CEO, John Cooper, has criticized electric vehicles as “a route to much more expensive fuels in transport.” FuelsEurope directly engaged the EU Commission in 2017 to oppose a proposal for zero-carbon vehicle sales mandates, as well as EV subsidies. Climate Policy Score: D The International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) is supporting some high-level GHG emission reduction targets in Europe and appears to support the Paris Agreement. However, the organisation’s detailed lobbying is negative on European climate policy and promotes increased fossil fuel production. In a consultation response to the European Commission’s 2050 Climate Strategy, IOGP stated support for GHG reductions within the range of 80% to 95% by 2050, although the organisation seemingly does not support an increase in ambition to net-zero by 2050 as suggested by European policymakaers. IOGP states support for the EU ETS as the “core instrument” for reducing CO2 in Europe but has criticised the policy for the negative impact it will have on natural gas production due to the reduction of free emission permits for the sector in its next phase. IOGP has opposed binding energy efficiency and renewable energy targets under the EU 2030 Climate and Energy Framework, calling instead for a single GHG emissions target in 2016. In a 2016 consultation response to the European Commission, IOGP also opposed renewable energy support schemes, instead favoring a phase out of subsidies, and maintained such a position in 2017. IOGP promotes a long-term role for natural gas in the energy mix, as well as its role as a ‘low carbon’ solution. In 2018 IOGP also advocated in favour of European policy to support increased investment in CCS. At the same time, as a founding member of GasNaturally, IOGP has been involved in lobbying efforts to secure the place of natural gas in Europe’s energy mix for an extended period through supporting infrastructure projects. IOGP further supports increased fossil fuel development including in the Arctic and European shale gas. In 2018, IOGP also lobbied the EU Commission to make sure that support for “exploration & production of untapped domestic oil and gas resources” was included in the EU’s long-term strategy on GHG emissions. Climate Policy Score: E+ Western States Petroleum Association (WSPA) has an extensive record of lobbying against climatemotivated policy designed to regulate or increase the cost of releasing GHG emissions or support alternatives to fossil fuels in transportation or electricity production. On transportation, in 2018 WSPA responded to a new proposal to achieve 100% zero-emission vehicles in California by 2040 (AB 1745) with 28 InfluenceMap March 2019