involvement in HADR and DSCA. Measures will also likely be required to protect military installations, both in the United States and abroad, and to work with partner nations that support DoD operations and activities. Sea level rise, increased ocean acidification, and increased ocean warming pose threats to fish stocks, coral, mangroves, recreation and tourism, and the control of disease affecting the economies, and ultimately stability, of DoD’s partner nations. Some Pacific island nations face the risk of being entirely submerged by rising seas, and most island nations’ freshwater supplies will be threatened by saltwater intrusion well before then. Loss of land, especially highly populated and agriculturally rich coastal land, also poses second- order effects on human displacement and economic and food stability, and may further exacerbate challenges associated with disease vectors. 2. Sir David King’s 2015 Report, prepared in conjunctions with experts from China, India and the USA, ‘Climate Change: A Risk Assessment’12, which concludes: [W]e have a battle on our hands: a battle to preserve a safe climate for the future. Powerful forces are engaged in this battle, whether we notice them or not. The power of vested interests to resist change, the inertia of infrastructure systems, and the unyielding laws of thermodynamics all seem to be arrayed against us. 
To win this battle, we must deploy equally powerful forces in favour of change ... We must match the laws of physics with a will and a determination that is equally unyielding. 3. Explaining Ocean Warming: Causes, scale, effects and consequences Edited by D. Laffoley and J. M. Baxter, September 201613. The above are just a selection of recent technical assessments. There are, of course, many others. 5.2 Assessments specific to The Philippines In addition to the generic assessments referred to above, the Honourable Commission is respectfully referred to the following assessments, which consider more specifically the vulnerability of The Philippines. The Climate Reality Project as an NGO founded by former US Vice President Al Gore. It reports on the situation in The Philippines as follows14: 12 http://www.csap.cam.ac.uk/media/uploads/files/1/climate-change--a-risk-assessmentv11.pdf 13 https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2016-046_0.pdf 14 https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/how-climate-change-affecting-philippines 16