Memorandum for the Petitioners J 117 and Director of Climate Science of the Climate and Energy Program at the UCS , published a peer-reviewed study entitled, “The Rise in Global Atmospheric CO2, Surface Temperature, and Sea Level from Emissions Traced to Major Carbon Producers.>’556 This provides a robust answer to the following questions: r 1. How much of the change in climate that the world is now experiencing is due to these emissions traced to the products of specific companies? 2. Can we measure the contributions of emissions by specific companies to the rise in global surface temperature and sea level?557 8.133. The study by Dr. Ekwurzel et al. (“UCS-led study”) confirms Mr. Heede’s findings that significant amount of emissions could be traced to respondent Carbon Majors, but the UCS-led research went further by specifically quantifying proportional increase in atmospheric CO2, global mean surface temperature, and global sea-level from emissions traced to these major carbon producers. Pertinent key findings show the following: a) Emissions traced to the 90 largest carbon producers contributed approximately 57 % of the observed rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide, nearly 50 % of the rise in global average temperature, and around 30 % of global sea- level rise between 1880-2010; b) Emissions linked to 50 investorowned carbon producers, including respondents BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil , Peabody, Shell and Total - contributed to roughly 16% of the global average temperature increase from 1880 to 2010, and around 11% of the global sea-level rise during the same time frame; and r c) Emissions tied to the same 50 companies from 1980 to 2010, a period of time when fossil fuel companies were well-aware that their products were contributing to climate change, contributed approximately 10% of the global average temperature increase and about 4% sealevel rise. 558 Exhibit “H,” Ekwurzel , B ., et al (23 April 2017 ), The Rise in Global Atmospheric CO2, Surface Temperature, and Sea Level from Emissions Traced to Major Carbon Producers . 557 Exhibit “R” to “R- 8,” Profile and Statement of Peter Frumhoff PhD, dated 16 March 2018, p. 2. 558 See Exhibit “H ,” supra note 556 ; Also see “R” to “R- 8 ,” Profile and Statement of Peter Frumhoff PhD, dated 16 March 2018, pp. 4- 5 . 556