1 Figure 1: Global Ocean Temperature Anomalies, January - December 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 48. 14 The mechanism by which human activity causes the oceans to warm is well 15 established: ocean warming, like atmospheric warming, is overwhelmingly caused by 16 anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.17 49. 17 18 otherwise radiate into space. 50. 19 20 Greenhouse gases are largely byproducts of humans burning fossil fuels to produce energy, and using fossil fuels to create petrochemical products. 51. 21 22 When emitted, greenhouse gases trap heat within Earth’s atmosphere that would Human activity, particularly greenhouse gas emissions, is the primary cause of global ambient air and ocean warming, and associated effects on Earth’s climate. 52. 23 Prior to World War II, most anthropogenic CO2 emissions were caused by land-use 24 practices, such as forestry and agriculture, which altered the ability of the land and global biosphere 25 to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere; the impacts of such activities on Earth’s climate were 26 relatively minor. Since the beginning of the Great Acceleration, however, both the annual rate and 27 total volume of human CO2 emissions have increased enormously following the advent of major 28 SHER EDLING LLP 17 IPCC 2014 Synthesis Report, supra note 2, at 4. COMPLAINT 28