Memorandum for the Petitioners \ 163 enterprises. The Honorable Commission should recommend that the Philippine Congress adopt and implement legislation that provides effective remedies to people suffering harm and “exact accountability from non-state actors,” including the respondent Carbon Majors.741 9.25. To put this into fruition, the Honorable Commission should recommend the Philippine Congress adopt a Climate Justice Act . In light of the significant contribution of oil, gas, and coal companies to anthropogenic climate change and its adverse effects, the need to extend accountability for human rights violations to private persons or entities is well-established human rights law. 742 Furthermore, the Honorable Commission should acknowledge that “the right to a remedy is an inalienable human right of all Filipinos and that the Philippines has undertaken international obligations to ensure this right.» 743 C 9.26. The Honorable Commission can take into consideration a Climate Compensation model shared by expert witness Dr. Margaretha Wewerinke-Singh entitled, “ Taking Climate Justice into Our Own Hands: A Model Climate Compensation Act .»744 9.27. Based on well-established legal principles, the Act, among others, should clarify: r a) The causes of actions;.745 b) Jurisdiction (national courts have jurisdiction over climate-related damages occurring within their national boundaries);746 c) communities, individuals, (e.g. Plaintiffs Indigenous Peoples, local governments);747 d) Defendants (e.g. major producers and emitters);.748 e) Causation (Model Act suggests, “evidence that climate change has doubled the likelihood of that type of event occurring will be sufficient to show on Rosales, L., TSN dated 11 -12 December 2018, p. 89, supra note 667. See Exhibit “TTTTTTTTT to “TTTTTTTTT 9,” Statement of Resource Person, Dr. Margaretha Wewerinke-Singh, dated 03 December 2018, p. 5. 743 Id. p. 6. 744 Exhibit “WWWWWWWWW” to “WWWWWWWWW-50 ” Gage, A. and Wewerinke Singh, M. ( December 2015), Taking Climate Justice into Our Own Hands: A Model Climate Compensation Act. 745 See Exhibit “TTTTTTTTT to ‘TTTTTTTTT 9 ” supra note 742. 746 Id. pp. 6-7. 747 Ibid. p. 7. 748 Ibid. pp. 7-8. 741 742 - - -