Memorandum for the Petitioners | 147 c) There is a linear and causal relationship between the concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere and the median surface global temperatures, as well as ocean acidification;675 d) Continued GHG emissions are likely to have continued and further aggravated effects on all natural systems and processes, including but not limited to, through rising temperatures, varied precipitation patterns, sea level rise, increased ocean acidification, and worsened extreme weather events;676 e) Global average temperature rises of 1.5°C and 2°C will have severe implications for human rights;677 f) Global average temperatures are already 1°C above pre industrial levels,678 which is dangerous and causing human rights harms; g) Authoritative international and domestic scientific bodies, as well as an extensive body of peer-reviewed science, indicate that climate change is causing severe environmental, economic, and social impacts at current levels of planetary wanning, and that these impacts will intensify with any additional warming;679 h) If temperatures continue to increase at the current rate, a 1.5°C warming will be exceeded between 2030 and 2052;680 i) This 0.5°C rise will increase widespread impacts, risks, and losses;681 j) A 1.5°C rise above pre-industrial levels could be enough to destabilize ice sheets, kill up to 90% of warm water corals, and cause severe problems to marine life, the Arctic and, of course, human beings;682 k) The risks posed to health, livelihoods, food security, water supply, human security, and economic growth by climate r r Id. Id. 677 IPCC (2018): Summary for Policymakers, supra note 89. 678 IPCC (2018) Summary for Policymakers, supra note 89, Sec A 1 .1 p. 4. G 79 Hansen , Our Children’s Trust, Plan B, Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, Trenberth, Joint Summary of the Amicus Curiae, supra note 50, p. 9. 680 IPCC (2018) Summary for Policymakers, supra note 89, Sec A. 1. p. 4. 681 Id., Sec. A. 1 .3 p. 4, B.1.1 p. 7. 682 Id., Sec. B.4. p. 8. 675 676