Based on the allocation of forest use for production in 2010, 97.5% or about 34.3 million ha are managed by private companies. The remaining 2%, or about 678,414 ha, are managed by the community (Resosudarmo et al., 2012). The MP3EI is supposed to be the blueprint for the Indonesian economy from 2011 to 2025, but is also regarded as a systemic process of largescale land grabbing with the state as a principal facilitator. Of the concession areas for large plantations throughout Indonesia, palm oil plantations accounted for 79% as of 2008 or about 4.5 million ha. Of this total area for palm plantations, 61% are owned by large estates with the rest held by farmer-households (Booth, et, al., 2012). This policy is described as one way of accelerating Indonesia’s economic growth. But for indigenous peoples, MP3EI is an acceleration of the systematic exclusion process that has long hounded them. This unequal distribution is one cause of lingering poverty in Indonesia. Clearly, such government policies that provide control of a large portion of resources by a select few is a major cause of agrarian conflicts today and the continued marginalization of indigenous peoples. Mining is another sector that has trampled on indigenous peoples’ rights. Since 2000, mining activities in Indonesia have increased rapidly, with the contribution of coal and minerals to total government revenue doubling from 3% in 2000 to 6% in 2009 (Resosudarmo, 2012). In 2007, Indonesia became the world’s largest producer and exporter of coal. The sector quickly filled government coffers but unfortunately at the expense of increasing conflict over land (US Commercial services, 2007 as cited in Resosudarmo 2012. The pace of growth of large-scale agricultural production will likely accelerate even more with the continued implementation of the Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of the Indonesian Economy (MP3EI), issued in 2011 by the Coordinating Minister of the Economy. 66 Key actors who promote/ impede IPs’ land rights There are many government agencies involved in land policy in Indonesia. Among these is the Ministry of Forestry, which, however, has declared that it would not move on indigenous people’s concerns if there is no response or demand from the region or province. The Ministry also requires local regulations or decrees from the Governor or Regents on the status of indigenous territories and indigenous people’s including the official map delineating the coverage of so-called indigenous territories. Then there is the Ministry of the Interior, which if it acts positively on concerns of indigenous peoples, can actually assign customary territory. The Ministry of Environment initiated the implementation of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples’ strengthening through: an inventory of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, determination of indigenous and tribal peoples and environmental wisdom owned, and then strengthening of indigenous and tribal peoples’ capacity through natural resource-based creative businesses. Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC)