“The International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 169 is the only binding international treaty dealing with indigenous peoples and land rights.” and other vulnerable groups, and improving the policies and building the capacity of District Management Committees (DMCs) to manage these impacts is acute (ADB,2009). The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness in 2005 established global commitments for donors and partner countries to improve the management and effectiveness of aid in reducing poverty and inequality, increasing growth, building capacity, and accelerating achievement of Millennium Development Goals. These principles provide a powerful impetus for donors to help foster better integration of social and environmental considerations into developing country partners’ strategies and priorities and to continue and intensify their efforts in relation to harmonizing approaches toward addressing social and environmental issues. The Accra Agenda for Action, adopted in 2008, reaffirmed these principles and further emphasized the importance of country systems. The International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 169 is the only binding international treaty dealing with indigenous peoples and land rights. The Convention requires that parties to it respect the cultures and institutions of indigenous and tribal peoples, their right to continued existence within their national societies, their 52 right to establish their own institutions and to determine the path of their own development. The Legal Status of Indigenous Peoples in International Law Colonialism and later the process of independence have been seen as a universal reason across the globe for the limited recognition of indigenous political and territorial rights. The oppressive history has followed another painful regime of development leading to displacement and uprooting of natives. Therefore two streams of development in international law for indigenous people have been undertaken. Firstly, at the level of the United Nations (UN) and ILO, both of which have a long history of developing the definition of “what and who” constitutes indigenous peoples. However, through ILO Convention No. 169 and the draft UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), the two main international commitments on the issue of indigenous peoples, the needs for addressing rights and recognition of indigenous peoples have been brought to the forefront. ILO Convention 169 of 1989 (a revised version of ILO Convention 107 of 1957) defined indigenous peoples as “peoples in independent countries who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, or a geographical region to which the country belongs, at the time of conquest or colonization or the establishment of present state boundaries and who, irrespective of their legal status, retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions” (ILO Convention 169, Part I, Article Ia). On the other hand, consensus on the definition was sought through a series of UN workshops Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC)