Such competing claims make it extremely difficult to defend and ensure IPs’ rights over managed areas that have been taken over by the government through permits. Thus the struggle to get holistic recognition for indigenous peoples continues and to overcome the challenges will require a great deal of time and effective strategies. Status of IP lands and resource rights “This earth is enough to feed any number of people as long as it is fairly managed, but it will never be enough to feed two or three greedy people.” This quote describes the feelings of the Kasepuhan Ciptagelar indigenous peoples in West Java about the unabated exploitation of natural resources. (Suganda, 2009). For indigenous people, abundant natural resources are God’s great gifts to any generation and there should not be any shortage if only humans would take care of them properly. Indigenous peoples know how to do just that due to their belief that there must be a harmonious relationship between man and nature. The Kasepuhan peoples, for example, do not know the term “production forest,” which then makes wood a commodity. For them, a forest is a part of life. They take care of it because it balances the climate; it is home to animals and a source of food and water. The Haratai South Kalimantan indigenous peoples share the same belief and so do the Guguk rural communities in Jambi, Sumatra. They protect the forest because they believe it should be kept healthy for their children and grandchildren. 62 Their views on nature are part of their cultural worldview that nature must be protected to ensure their sustainability. Culture is not only seen as a mere collection of rituals but also covers practices regarding the territory and living space that should be preserved and maintained. Practices of indigenous peoples of Indonesia vary but one thing they have in common is their close relationship with Mother Earth. They have taken care of nature’s gifts for generations so they can pass on what they have to their children and grandchildren. Sustainability has always been part of their culture, long before environmental activities and the state had even defined the concept of conservation. Legal framework related to indigenous peoples’ land rights International laws ILO Convention 169 ILO Convention 169 is a multilateral convention to address indigenous people issues and it is supposed to be legally binding in countries such as Indonesia that have ratified it. Among its most significant provisions is Article 5 that states that the Convention respects indigenous/indigenous peoples institutions. It said, for example, that “social, cultural, religious and spiritual values and practices of these peoples shall be recognized and protected, and due account shall be taken of the nature of the problems which face them both as groups and as individuals.” Article 6, meanwhile, states that the government should consult with indigenous peoples through Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC)