1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 d. Indigenous Peoples - include Peoples who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of non-indigenous religions and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political Institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their ancestral domains; Indigenous Peoples also refers to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilized such telTitories, sharing common bonds of language, customs, tradition and other distinctive cultural traits or who have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, non-indigenous religions and cultures, became historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos; e. Profiling - means relying on the prohibited grounds of discrimination in subjecting a person or group of persons to investigatory activities, Which include unnecessary, . unjustified, illegal and degrading searches, questioning or other investigatory activities, in determining whether an individual is engaged in an activity presumed to be unlawful, immoral, or socially unacceptable. f. Stigma - refers to the dynamic process of devaluation that significantly discredits a individual in the eyes of others. When stigma is acted upon, the result is discrimination. g. Vulnerable communities - refers to communities or sectors that encounter stigma and discrimination based on the ground's enumerated in Section 4. 30 31 32 33 34 35 SECTION 4. Prohibited Grounds for Discrimination. - For the purposes of this Act, discrimination that is indirectly based on the actual or perceived ethnicity, race, religion or belief, sex or gender or sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, civil status, disability, HIV status, or other status is prohibited. 36 37 38 39 40 Ethnicity, race, religion or belief, sex or gender or sexual orientation, civil status, disability, educational attainment or other status that differentiates or any form of discrimination shall be interpreted in their most common or universal definitions and with due regard to the promotion of meaningful implementation of non-discrimination policy. 41 42 43 SECTION 5. Discriminatory Acts. - The following Acts shall be prohibited: 44 a. Inflicting stigma - it shall be unlawful for any person to commit any acts that promote and encourage stigma based on the grounds referred to in Section 4. Content in the media, in educational textbooks, or in other medium that aims to inflict stigma is likewise prohibited. b. Denial of political, civil, and cultural rights - it shall be unlawful to deny a person enjoyment of political, civil and cultural rights based on the grounds referred to Section 4. c. Denial of right to education - it is unlawful for any person to: 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 1. Refuse admission or expel a person from any educational or training institution on the basis of the grounds defined in Section 4, without prejudice to the right of educational or training institutions to determine the academic qualifications of their students or trainees;