planning, management and maintenance of the water and sanitation facilities, where appropriate163. Provision and distribution of hygiene items should be assessed, coordinated, and delivered in a timely manner, with proper consultation with affected communities. Key generic hygiene items such as soaps and jerry cans/containers can be provided prior to consultation to rapidly address pressing hygiene needs, given that consultations must take place prior to following distributions164. and persons with disabilities, and should be situated in areas assessed as safe, especially for women and girls, in both day and night171. If possible, separate male and female wash areas for wudu (ablution) can be established near the praying areas. All provided hygiene items must be religiously and culturally appropriate165. For Muslim recipients of the provided hygiene items, only goods classified as halal (permissible) must be distributed. The internationally recognized standard for the provision of toilet and bath facilities in evacuation camps of short-term nature is 1 toilet to 50 individuals, with 3:1 ration for female and male facilities166. Camp management, government and nongovernment providers must assess the health and hygiene risks in their settlement area167. Affected men, women, and children must be informed of the health and hygiene risks, and information must be able to reach all sections of the affected population through media168 channels as established by camp management or other government authority. Camp management and providers should ensure that drainage systems between shelters and within the settlement area are kept clear, prevented from muddy conditions, and are free from standing wastewater, floodwater, and storm water, which might pose health risks and other sanitation issues169. Camp management and providers must also ensure that human feces are disposed safely, and the habitat and food production areas are free from human fecal condition170. 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 Ibid. Ibid., p.95. Ibid. Ibid., p.130. Ibid., p.92. Ibid. Ibid., p.121. Ibid., p.105. Ibid., p.107. 33