Appendix I A Note on Sources This synthesis draws or builds on documentary evidence compiled from a number of sources, including: early and pioneering research by Greenpeace’s Exxon Secrets project; pathbreaking research by Dr. Naomi Oreskes and of Harvard University and Erik Conway of Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; multi-part investigations published in 2015 and 2016 by Inside Climate News, Los Angeles Times and the Columbia School of Journalism; documents unearthed by non-profit organizations, including DeSmog Blog, the Climate Investigations Center and the Union of Concerned Scientists; and CIEL’s own Smoke and Fumes project, a multi-year investigation into the early history of climate science with particular attention to the oil and gas industries’ awareness of, engagement in and communications about that science. Preliminary results from that investigation were shared with the Commission in April 2016. The present synthesis draws on the more extensive material released during the ensuing months. To the greatest extent feasible links to the documents themselves are provided therein. The volume of documentary evidence arising from these various research initiatives is now staggering. CIEL’s database alone includes more than 200 documents, spanning more than seven decades, not including books and archival documents not available online. The Inside Climate News investigations include at least 12 separate articles supported by scores of primary documents. Research by the Union of Concerned Scientists has unearthed more than 340 pages of documents in seven dossiers addressing various aspects of the climate. Accordingly, the present synthesis can only highlight key findings to date. It is indicative of the available evidence, but by no means exhaustive. More fundamentally, it should be noted that the great majority of relevant documents, including more than one million pages of documents produced by Exxon pursuant to an investigation in New York State, have yet to be publicly disclosed. Untold numbers of additional documents remain undiscovered and as yet undisclosed by the corporate actors involved, including by the Carbon Majors themselves. 22