Climate of Concern Royal Dutch Shell - 1991 • Acknowledged that climate might “change too fast, perhaps, for life to adapt without severe dislocation.” • Discussed the scale and scope of risks, including – changes to weather patterns – “the increasing frequency of abnormal weather;” – saltwater intrusion in coastal ecosystems and freshwaters – sea level rise; – increasingly destructive storm surges, noting “warmer seas could make such destructive surges more frequent and even more ferocious;” – pollution of groundwater; – impacts on agriculture; – displacement of people living on low-lying islands; – potential for “greenhouse refugees” displaced by shifting climates. “If the weather machine were to be wound up to such new levels of energy, no country would remain unaffected.”