Memorandum for the Petitioners | 46 the 5.54. In 1965, U.S. President Lyndon Johnson received a report from government’s own Science Advisory Committee. '® The report, “Restoring the Quality of Our Environment,’ was written by the leading climate scientists of the time.' The report warned President Johnson and the public about global warming. The findings were accurate even based on today’s scientific consensus, and clearly laid the blame on fossil fuels for causing interference of the climatic system.'”° 5.55. Then President of the API, Frank Ikard, rapidly “relayed the warning” to API’s membership, '”! explaining that the U.S. President’s Science Advisory Committee had predicted that fossil fuels would cause significant warming and non-polluting means of transportation would likely be a “national necessity.”'”? This salient message was buried in archives until last year.!? 5.56. Soon after, it appears that the API’s public message on climate change became much more skeptical. For example, in 1967, Robert Dunlop, then Chairman of the Board of Directors of the API, testified before the U.S. Congress. Despite API’s awareness of rising CO2 and foreseeable dangerous effects, he stated, “[w]e in the petroleum industry are convinced that by the time a practical electric car can be mass produced and marketed, it will not enjoy any meaningful advantage from an air pollution standpoint. Emissions from internal-combustion engines will have long since been controlled.” !4 He went on to urge that federal funds should not be dedicated to “any single possible solution” (e.g., electric cars); instead, he suggested that federal funds should be used “to stimulate all efforts by industry to eliminate automotive pollution.”!7 5.57. The aforementioned statement appears to be an early example of the fossil fuel industry’s attempt to delay action on solutions. Moreover, while ‘88 John F. Kennedy is the first known US President to have been made aware of climate risks; Hulac, B. (06 November 2018), Every President Since JFK was Warned About Climate Change. E&E News, available at https://www.cenews.net/stories/ 1060105233 (last accessed 12 September 2019). '® Rich, N. (Ol August 2018), Losing the Earth: The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change. The New York Times, available at https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/20 18/0 1 /magazine/climate-changelosing-earth.html (last accessed 12 September 2019). 1 Nuccitelli, D. (05 November 2015), Scientists Warned the US President About Global Warming 50 years Ago Today. The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climateconsensus-97-per-cent/20 | 5/nov/05/scientists- warned-the-president-about-global-warming-50-years-agotoday (last accessed 12 September 2019). ‘| Pranta, B., supra note 149, p. 1024. '? Nuccitelli, D. supra note 170, p. 161. '3 Franta, B., supra note 149, p. 1025. 4 See Exhibit “NNNNN” to “NNNNN-33,” Minutes of the Joint Hearings before the Committee on Commerce and the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution of the Committee on Public Works United on, “A Bill to Amend the Clean Air Act in order to Authorize and Investigation and Study to Determine Means of Propelling Vehicles so as not to Contribute to Air Pollution,” and “A Bill to Authorize a Program of Research, Development and Demonstration Projects for Electrically Powered Vehicles” dated 14-17 March and 10 April 1967, p. 319. "5 Id p.319.