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(b) Illegal recruitment when committed by a syndicate or in large scale shall be
considered an offense involving economic sabotage and shall be penalized in
accordance with Article 39 hereof.
Illegal recruitment is deemed committed by a syndicate if carried out by a group of
three (3) or more persons conspiring and/or confederating with one another in carrying
out any unlawful or illegal transaction, enterprise or scheme, defined under the first
paragraph hereof. Illegal recruitment is deemed committed against three (3) or more
persons individually or as a group. x x x"
[2] Decision dated November 29, 1991, p. 1; Rollo, p. 14.
[3] Witnesses paid a total of P22,500.00 each with the exception of BENITO BERNABE
who paid P28,500.00.
[4] Supra, note 2, pp. 5-6; Rollo, pp. 18-19.
[5] Id. at pp. 7-8; Rollo, pp. 20-21.
[6] Appellant's Brief, p. 9.
[7] People vs. Bodozo, 215 SCRA 33, 40.
[8] Records, pp. 77-B and 79.
[9] Appellant's Reply Brief, March 30, 1995, p. 3.
[10] TSN, Hearing on June 6, 1990, pp. 1-2.
[11] Supra, note 9, p. 4. Francisco, The Revised Rules of Court in the Philippines (1990),
Vol. VII, p. 101 citing Tracy, Handbook on Evidence, pp. 16-17.
[12] TSN, supra note 10.
[13] Id.
[14] 9 Phil. 701.
[15] Id. at p. 101.
[16] U.S. vs. Pobre, 11 Phil. 51, 51-52.
[17] 11 Phil. 547.
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