IV. >> Illustrating the Framework - Indicators for Some Rights
>> Selecting the indicators
outcome indicators may not be directly dependent
on efforts within the framework of State obligations.
Thus, improved longevity or lower infant mortality
is known to be correlated with lifestyle practices,
eating habits, education and some environmental
parameters. It is worthwhile including indicators
that reflect such concerns because of their
importance to the realization of that right and to
facilitate priority-setting and effort-targeting by the
duty bearer.
The articulation of indicators, where feasible,
is influenced by the need to highlight the
“accessibility” rather than merely the “availability” dimension. Thus, for instance, for the right
to adequate food, a process indicator has been
formulated as “proportion of targeted population
that was brought above the poverty line” and not in
terms of the “public resources allocated to poverty
alleviation”. Similarly, a right-to-fair-trial indicator
seeks information on “the proportion of juveniles in
custody receiving education / vocational training by
trained teachers for the same number of hours as
students of that age at liberty”.
In selecting and formulating the indicators, it is
necessary to keep the State’s obligations to
respect, protect and fulfil human rights in mind.5 An
appropriate combination of structural, process and
outcome indicators, along with the use of multiple
data sources, helps in assessing the implementation
of these three obligations. So while an outcome
indicator like “infant mortality rate” based on
administrative data may reveal an overall failure
of the State party to meet the three obligations,
it may not be able to distinguish which of the
three are indeed violated. However, for the process
indicators it may be easier to have a formulation
that helps in identifying the specific obligations
that may or may not have been met. Moreover,
the use of events-based data on human rights
violations, given their nature and the methodology
for collecting relevant information, makes it
relatively easy to derive indicators that relate
specifically to the obligations to respect, protect
or fulfil.
The indicators identified in the tables are primarily
based on two types of data-generating mechanisms:
(a) indicators that are or can be compiled by official
statistical systems using censuses, statistical surveys
and/or administrative records; and (b) indicators
or standardized information more generally compiled by national human rights institutions and civil
society sources focusing on alleged violations
reported by victims, witnesses or NGOs. The intention has been to explore and exhaust the use of
commonly available information, particularly from
objective data sets that can be easily quantified
for tracking human rights implementation. Some
examples for formulating the tables are set out
below.
3
Some illustrations
Table on the right to the highest attainable standard
of physical and mental health
The attributes of the right to the highest attainable
standard of physical and mental health are primarily based on a reading of the normative content of
the right, as enshrined in article 25 of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and article 12 of the
International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights, and reflected in general comment
No. 14 (2000) of the Committee on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights.6 The five attributes
5. The three obligations are defined in chap. I, sect. A.
6. See also general recommendation No. 24 (1999) of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, and
general comments Nos. 3 (2003) and 4 (2003) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child. Article 6 (1) of the International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, article 5 (e) (iv) of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination, articles 12 and 14 (2) (b) of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,
80 Human Rights Indicators
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