The Court reiterated the Millares ruling in Gu-Miro v. Adorable[19] where it
held that a radio officer on board a vessel cannot be considered as a regular
employee notwithstanding that the work he performs is necessary and desirable in
the business of the company.
Thus, in the present case, the Court of Appeals erred in ruling
that Tanchico was a regular employee of Petroleum Shipping.
On 13th Month Pay
The Court of Appeals premised its grant of 13th month pay on its ruling
that Tanchico was a regular employee. The Court of Appeals also ruled that
petitioners are not exempt from the coverage of PD 851 which requires all
employers to pay their employees a 13th month pay.
We do not agree with the Court of Appeals. Again, Tanchico was a
contractual, not a regular, employee. Further, PD 851 does not apply to
seafarers. The WHEREAS clauses of PD 851 provides:
WHEREAS, it is necessary to further protect the level of real wages from
ravages of world-wide inflation;
WHEREAS, there has been no increase in the legal minimum wage rates
since 1970;
WHEREAS, the Christmas season is an opportune time for society to show
its concern for the plight of the working masses so they may properly celebrate
Christmas and New Year.
PD 851 contemplates the situation of land-based workers, and not of
seafarers who generally earn more than domestic land-based workers.
Tanchico’s employment is governed by his Contract of Enlistment
(“Contract”).[20] The Contract has been approved by the POEA in accordance with
Title I, Book One of the Labor Code and the POEA Rules Governing
Employment.[21] The coverage of the Contract includes Compensation, Overtime,
Sundays and Holidays, Vacations, Living Allowance, Sickness, Injury and Death,