36 - Integrating Climate into our Strategy R&D spending of USD 7.4 billion  between 2015 and 2019, including 25% on cleantech and environmental issues. USD 150 million invested in minority interests in 25 innovative start-ups addressing the energy issues of the future. 1,000 R&D partnerships with other industrial companies, universities and dedicated research organizations. Close to 4,500 R&D employees Earlier you mentioned stepping up research into carbon capture, use and storage (CCUS) technologies. What is the outlook in this field? PB From a technology standpoint, we already know how to capture and store carbon. The main purpose of research now is to lower costs, which are currently too high. Also, there is still some uncertainty surrounding how regional and global storage capacity is measured. And there are major social issues to be addressed. The successful dialogue during our pilot project in Lacq, France provided us with valuable input regarding the types of questions raised by local communities. However, we’re still in the very early stages of research into carbon use. To accelerate the emergence of technologies, we will be committing up to 10% of our R&D budget to this field. FB There is a whole ecosystem of start-ups dedicated to CCUS technologies. We have invested in Solidia, which is developing a new cement and concrete chemistry. Their technology can reduce the carbon footprint of the concrete industry by up to 70% and is a brand-new way of using CO2. More generally, our support of the 2°C trajectory could help to forge new partnerships that would provide extremely innovative solutions to address all climate issues.