Integrating Climate into our Strategy - 41 Glossary Unit of measurement Acronyms b barrel B or G billion boe barrel of oil equivalent CO2-eq CO2 equivalent eq equivalent Gt billion tons GW gigawatt k thousand M million Mboe/d million barrels of oil equivalent per day Mcu. m million cubic meters t metric ton TWh terawatt-hour CSR Corporate Social Responsibility HSE Health, Safety & Environment IEA  International Energy Agency IOGP International Association of Oil & Gas Producers IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPIECA The global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OGCI  Oil & Gas Climate Initiative R&D  Research and Development USD  Official abbreviation of the United States dollar Definitions Greenhouse Gas (GHG) The six gases named in the Kyoto Protocol: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), with their respective Global Warming Potential (GWP), as described in the 2007 IPCC report. Operated Scope The activities, sites and assets operated by Total S.A. or a company it controls, i.e. those that Total or a Total-controlled company operates or is contractually responsible for managing operations: 803 sites at December 31, 2015. Operational/Non-Continuous Production Flaring All flaring other than continuous or safety flaring. It is usually sporadic and carried out at high intensity for a short duration. It may occur on a planned or unplanned basis. It includes flaring carried out during temporary (or partial) failures of equipment used to process gas during normal operations and lasts until the equipment has been repaired or replaced. Routine Flaring Flaring during normal oil production operations in the absence of sufficient facilities or amenable geology to reinject the produced gas, utilize it onsite, or dispatch it to a market. Routine flaring does not include safety flaring, even when the latter is continuous. Safety Flaring Flaring carried out to ensure safe operations on facilities. Start-up Flaring Commissioning new oil or gas production facilities generally takes several weeks. Flaring during this phase can take the form of each of the types of flaring mentioned above, until normal production starts.