  Mainstreams a disability-inclusive and human rights perspective in all development programmes and projects, and Supports disability-specific initiatives to empower persons with disabilities and enhance their inclusion in society; Both approaches have a common aim: promoting equal rights and opportunities for all persons with disabilities.xvii A graphical illustration is provided below: Source: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Worm, Ilse (2012) A Human Rights-Based Approach to Disability in Development. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/A_human_rightsbased_approach_to_disability_in_development.pdf (accessed 30 March 2020) According to the OHCHR website,xviii the twin-track approach: “entails ensuring inclusion of the rights of persons with disabilities into broader or 'mainstream' programmes or policies, and adopting specific policies and programmes which focus on persons with disabilities. The first are the 'mainstream' policies, where implementing the rights of persons with disabilities under the CRPD calls on ensuring that general policies or measures do not discriminate but are inclusive of persons with disabilities. For instance, under Article 24 of the CRPD, the education system has to be made inclusive. Thus 'mainstream' ('general' or 'regular schools') schools and their operations needs to respond to the needs of all students including students with disabilities among others. The second are the 'disability-specific' policies, where the CRPD may require measures that target persons with disabilities. This includes for instance, specific measures to achieve de facto equality for persons with disabilities under Article 5 of the CRPD, which seeks to reduce pervasive inequalities in the enjoyment of rights by persons with disabilities, as compared to others. Another example can be found under Article 28 on social protection and adequate standard of living, which requires that social protection schemes take into account and cover disability-related costs which only persons with disabilities incur.” (Emphasis and underscoring ours) During the enhanced community quarantine and the state of public health emergency in general, the government should adopt the twin-track approach in ensuring that programs geared towards adequate standards of living and social protection are rendered to the people. We commend the government in indicating the existence of policies and plans to operationalize the COVID-19 social amelioration programsxix in Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1, Series of 2020 as these are examples of the “mainstream” programs as conceived in the twin-track approach. On the other hand, the twin-track approach would be completed once specific programs also address the disability-related needs and considered the particular 10

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