land with agricultural corporations has resulted in displacement from ancestral lands or farms, and loss of livelihood. Lack of support in dispute resolution: There are avenues to lodge complaints by affected parties with responsible agencies. Yet, despite the presence of these mechanisms for lodging complaints, there is a perceived lack of support in prioritizing farmers and indigenous peoples, particularly in providing them with the much-needed legal support. Emerging Business and Human Rights Issues in Land and Agriculture Increasing land and agricultural investments In light of continuing gaps in land policies and land administration – this situation has resulted in human rights abuses among agricultural farmers and indigenous communities. As part of its continuing initiative to monitor security of land rights in the country, the Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC) prepared a research study on Land Conflicts and Rights Defenders in the Philippines. This study revealed that 55 percent of the 354 recorded land and resource conflicts from January 2017 to June 2018 were caused by land investments. These conflict-laden investments cover more than 847 thousand hectares of land. Majority of land investment conflicts (88 percent) are between communities and private businesses. The same study found that government agencies and LGUs have served as key facilitators of private investments on land (Salomon, 2018). The following grievances highlight ongoing and potential abuses in the future: Endangering IPs’ ancestral lands from impacts of mining and deforestation. Cases documented reveal that several medium and large-scale mining corporations either ignore FPIC processes or manipulate the processes in their favor. The presence of military personnel protecting corporation claims limits the freedom of the IPs to work on their lands. As a result of such, they experience harassment and killings. Documented cases include 76 killings of indigenous human rights defenders from 2010 to 2016 (Tebtebba Foundation, 2016). From January 2017 to June 2018, 19 individuals have been killed, 4 have been injured, while 5 have been detained, in defense of their lands against destructive or unwelcome mining investments (Salomon, 2018). 72 Upholding Land Rights amidst the Land Rush