Therefore, there is a saying that “Nepal is best in commitment and has lots of challenge in implementation those international commitments.” Nepal is a party to the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966). Likewise, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) of 2006 and Indigenous and Tribal Conventions (ILO Convention 169) of 1989 are also major human rights instruments. The rights enshrined in these conventions are very pertinent to business and human rights as well as land rights. The obligation of the State is to protect and promote the rights of the people recognized by these human rights principles and standards. Nepal has made this commitment through the Constitution and various policies as well. These commitments should also be fulfilled by effective implementation of the law, through honest efforts by the State. Mainstreaming the UNGP on Business and Human Rights in Nepal Compliance with the principles and standards of human rights is a basic requisite for any modern State. Nepal has an obligation to protect the rights of its citizens. Likewise, the business sector should also respect the rights of the citizens. Companies should work with due diligence to eliminate or reduce adverse impacts of their business activities. In case of adverse impacts, they are also responsible for providing effective remedies to the victims. Along this line, the following activities are recommended: r The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP BHR) should be widely disseminated by the government and private sector. Extensive dialogue with relevant State authorities and business groups is key to generating better understanding and more effective implementation of the UNGP BHR. r NHRIs and civil society should play a significant role in promoting better understanding of the UNGP BHR and in preparing the National Action Plan. r Multi-stakeholder consultation is needed in order to develop the National Action Plan. Relevant State authorities should lead the process 68 Upholding Land Rights amidst the Land Rush