Country Popularization Multi-Stakeholder Engagement Policy Work • Government to sign the legally-binding instrument to regulate in international human rights law transnational corporations and business enterprises. • NHRI to harmonize various overlapping laws on BHR, using UNGP BHR as framework. Conclusion The UNGP-BHR, approved by the UN in 2011, provides a responsive framework to address the human rights violations occurring in the rural areas of Asia today. These violations are committed against peasants and indigenous peoples as they struggle to defend their land rights against the encroachments of big business and even government. This is why civil society, under the leadership of the LWA and ANGOC, are advocating that land rights be considered as human rights, and that all countries adopt the UNGP BHR. At the country level, UNGP BHR adoption can be catalyzed and institutionalized through the drafting and implementation of NAPs. Though NHRIs are crucial in terms of advocacy and technical support, NAPs can only be implemented by governments, under the leadership of their respective NHRCs. It is the executive branch that has the mandate and power to execute law and policy. In addition, joint CSO-NHRI/NHRC monitoring of BHR in land and agricultural investments has also been proposed by the civil society sector. At the regional (Asian) level, it is important for regional bodies such as ASEAN, SAARC, SEANF, AICHR, and OHCHR to be proactive in addressing BHR issues, engaging both CSOs and private sector in the dialogue processes. CSOs should also produce alternative/shadow reports on the implementation of BHR and other human rights tools/declarations. There is much work to be done, as government-business-CSO engagement on the UNGP BHR is only at its initial stages. However, the activism of a lead group of CSOs, as well as the receptiveness of the NHRIs is a positive sign. Hopefully, sometime in the future, conflict in the countryside can be resolved and ANGOC and KPA 29