ACCESS TO REMEDY: Foundational principle r As part of their duty to protect against business-related human rights abuse, States must take appropriate steps to ensure, through judicial, administrative, legislative or other appropriate means, that when such abuses occur within their territory and/or jurisdiction those affected have access to effective remedy. Operational principles r State-based judicial mechanisms: States should take appropriate steps to ensure the r r r r effectiveness of domestic judicial mechanisms when addressing business-related human rights abuses, including considering ways to reduce legal, practical and other relevant barriers that could lead to a denial of access to remedy. State-based non-judicial grievance mechanisms: States should provide effective and appropriate non-judicial grievance mechanisms, alongside judicial mechanisms, as part of a comprehensive State-based system for the remedy of business-related human rights abuse. Non-State-based grievance mechanisms: States should consider ways to facilitate access to effective non-State-based grievance mechanisms dealing with business-related human rights harms. To make it possible for grievances to be addressed early and remediated directly, business enterprises should establish or participate in effective operational-level grievance mechanisms for individuals and communities who may be adversely impacted. Industry, multi-stakeholder and other collaborative initiatives that are based on respect for human rights-related standards should ensure that effective grievance mechanisms are available. Effectiveness criteria for non-judicial grievance mechanisms r In order to ensure their effectiveness, non-judicial grievance mechanisms, both State-based and non-State-based, should be: (a) Legitimate: enabling trust from the stakeholder groups for whose use they are intended, and being accountable for the fair conduct of grievance processes; (b) Accessible: being known to all stakeholder groups for whose use they are intended, and providing adequate assistance for those who may face particular barriers to access; (c) Predictable: providing a clear and known procedure with an indicative time frame for each stage, and clarity on the types of process and outcome available and means of monitoring implementation; (d) Equitable: seeking to ensure that aggrieved parties have reasonable access to sources of information, advice and expertise necessary to engage in a grievance process on fair, informed and respectful terms; (e) Transparent: keeping parties to a grievance informed about its progress, and providing sufficient information about the mechanism’s performance to build confidence in its effectiveness and meet any public interest at stake; (f ) Rights-compatible: ensuring that outcomes and remedies accord with internationally recognized human rights; and, (g) A source of continuous learning: drawing on relevant measures to identify lessons for improving the mechanism and preventing future grievances and harms. Operational-level mechanisms should also be: (h) Based on engagement and dialogue: consulting the stakeholder groups for whose use they are intended on their design and performance, and focusing on dialogue as the means to address and resolve grievances. Source: Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect, and Remedy  Framework” (Read more at: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_ EN.pdf ) ANGOC and KPA 19