bb) Key biodiversity areas - are sites o f global biodiversity conservation 2 significance. They are defined by standardized criteria and thresholds to 3 guide conservation interventions such as the establishment of protected 4 areas; 5 cc) Large-scaie mining - mining in areas with more than twenty (20) 6 hectares, using mechanized tools and equipment, requiring considerable 7 capital 8 economic impacts with regard to resource use and/or consumption; and having large-scale environmental, social, cultural and 9 dd) Mineral agreement - a contract entered into by the government, in 10 behalf of the State, and a private Filipino person, granting such person/s 11 the privilege to mine a specific contract area; 12 13 ee) Mineral resource - any concentration of minerals/rocks with potential economic value; 14 ff) Mineral processing - the milling, beneficiation or upgrading of ores or 15 minerals and rocks or by similar means to convert the same into 16 marketable products; 17 gg) Minerals - all naturally occurring inorganic substance in solid, gas, 18 liquid, or any intermediate state excluding energy materials such as 19 coal, petroleum, natural gas, radioactive materials, and geothermal 20 energy; 21 hh) Mine development - preparing the mine site for production by shaft 22 sinking or pit excavation building of access roads, and constructing of 23 surface facilities; 24 ii) Mine wastes and tailings -ro c k materials from surface or underground 25 mining and milling operations with little or no economic value to the 26 generator of the same; 27 jj) Mining activity - any or all of the following activities: exploration, 28 extraction, utilization, processing, transportation and other activities 29 conducted for the same; 30 31 32 33 kk) Mining area - a portion of the contract area which has been identified by the contractor wherein actual mining operations are conducted; II) Mining operations - either all or any of the mining activities involving exploration, feasibility, development, utilization, and processing; 34 mm) National industrialization - in the mining industry, this shall denote the 35 primacy of mineral production, processing and distribution for the 36 primary benefit of the domestic economy. This includes creating 12