16 Table 2. Extent of coverage of data on land conflict cases, per country In defense of land rights: A monitoring report on land conflicts in six Asian countries Country/Researcher Bangladesh Community Development Association (CDA) Extent of coverage of data on land conflict cases n n n Cambodia: n STAR Kampuchea n n India National overview of land conflicts based on secondary sources Specific focus on indigenous peoples in the plains and in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (based on 2017 study by Kapaeeng Foundation) Period covered is 2015-2018 National overview of land conflicts based on secondary sources Specific focus on land cases and dispute resolution in Kampong Chhnang Province (based on provincial government data) Period covered: 2012-2018 n National summary data, based on Land Conflict Watch portal (https://www.landconflictwatch. org/) n National coverage, with 937 recorded land conflict cases from all districts and provinces in Indonesia Reported conflict area covers a total of 624,239 hectares Period covered: January 2017 to August 2018 Ekta Parishad Centre for Legislative Research for Advocacy (CLRA) Indonesia Konsorsium Pembaruan Agraria (KPA) n n Nepal n n Community Self-Reliance Centre (CSRC) Philippines Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC) n n n Study covers 12 districts in the country Period covered is six months in 2018 National coverage, with an analysis of 352 documented cases Reported conflict area covers 1,281,390 hectares Period covered is January 2017 to June 2018 Moreover, CSO monitoring of land conflicts is not conducted regularly, except in Indonesia and Cambodia, and partly in Bangladesh.2 The cases in this study have been selected on the basis of “incidence” of any form of violence within the stated period of study. Thus, it excludes many cases with latent conflicts that remain unresolved. ANGOC 2 The Konsorsium Pembaruan Agraria (KPA) has been monitoring land conflicts in Indonesia since 2008. Similarly, the NGO Forum, along with several other CSOs (LICADHO, ADHOC, etc.) have been monitoring land conflicts arising from the issuance of Economic Land Concessions (ELCs) in Cambodia. For Bangladesh, the Kapaeeng Foundation has produced annual reports on land conflicts involving indigenous peoples in the plains and the Chittagong Hill Tracts.