Thus, the coastal areas where fisherfolk live and work fall under the jurisdiction of different agencies of government. This situation can be confusing to fisherfolk communities. Hence, fisherfolk communities need to understand the roles of these agencies in order to identify which government agency to approach regarding their concerns. Overlapping rights over waters in ancestral domains. IPRA mandated the recognition and protection of the rights of indigenous cultural communities (ICCs) and indigenous peoples (IPs) to their ancestral domains, and the preservation and development of their cultures, traditions and institutions. IPRA defines Ancestral Domains  as “all areas generally belonging to ICCs/IPs comprising lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and natural resources therein, held under a claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs, themselves or through their ancestors (...)” (emphasis supplied). The Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title  (CADT) “refers to a title formally recognizing the rights of possession and ownership of ICCs/IPs over their ancestral domains identified and delineated in accordance with the law”. There are cases where the coverage of municipal waters as defined by the Local Government Code (LGC) and the Fisheries Code comes in direct conflict with the IPRA. In Coron, Palawan the ancestral waters of the Tagbanwa indigenous people overlaps with the municipal waters under the local government of Coron. In 2002, the NCIP issued a CADT to the Tagbanwa people, formally recognizing their rights of possession over their ancestral domains identified and delineated in accordance with the rules of the IPRA. Upon further review of the claim, the NCIP promulgated Administrative Order 1, series of 2002 that determined with finality the validity of the CADT. This served as a precedent for the recognition of two other CADT claims in Northern Palawan, which included substantial parts of municipal waters. The CADTs of the Tagbanwa communities in barangays Tara, Malawig and Buenavista covering at least 75,639 hectares was approved in 2010 but had not yet been awarded as of 2017 (De Vera and Zingapan, 2017). Maritime disputes in municipal waters. Maritime disputes include the intrusion of commercial fishers in municipal waters. But with the incomplete delineation of municipal waters in many areas, violations become difficult to litigate. 98 Status of Land and Resource Tenure Reform in the Philippines 2018

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