B. Peer-reviewed findings of impacts above 1°C of warming (Our Children’s Trust, Hansen) 34 II. Climate Change Impacts Specific to the Philippines (Sabin Center, Plan B) 35 III. Attribution of Impacts to Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases (Trenberth, Plan B, ClientEarth) 37 IV. Attribution of Climate Change Impacts to the Carbon Majors (ClientEarth, Plan B) 38 V. Prescriptions for Achieving International Commitments and Climate Recovery 39 A. Prescription to achieve the Paris Agreement’s long-term temperature goals (ClientEarth, Plan B) 39 B. Prescription for stabilizing atmospheric concentration of CO2 at < 350 ppm by 2100 (Hansen, Our Children’s Trust) 40 Summary of Amici Expert Contributions regarding Obligations of States Key Findings and Messages 43 43 Summary Argument 43 I. State Duties and Obligations arising from International Human Rights Law 43 A. States have obligations under international human rights law to address the causes of climate change and other environmental harm that affects human rights 43 B. States have obligations under international human rights law to address threats to the right to life 46 C. International law requires states to protect human rights from abuse by private actors and to exercise jurisdiction over the conduct of businesses that constitutes human rights abuse 47 D. States in which a business is domiciled, as well as States in which the victims reside have obligations to prevent a business from abusing or impairing human rights 50 II. State duties and obligations arising from International Climate Change Law 51 III. Obligations of States under the Public Trust Doctrine - Additional input from Our Children’s Trust 53 IV. Obligations of States in respect of emissions arising under the “no harm principle” of customary international law - Additional input from Plan B 56 Summary Conclusions 57 Summary of Amici Expert Contributions regarding Responsibility/Accountability of Companies 59 Key Findings and Messages 59 Summary Argument I. UNGPs (ClientEarth, CIEL, APF-GANHRI, Plan B) A. The UNGPs crystallize baseline standards of corporate responsibility in the context of human rights B. In applying the UNGPs and other relevant standards, the Commission should consider the impacts of the Carbon Majors’ products and apply an Enterprise Approach 59 60 2 60 62