Victims of drug-related killings were mostly poor men, who have low-skilled and low-paid
jobs or were even unemployed. The right to life were violated through arbitrary killings and
the lack of due process. “Not only has this campaign exposed police brutality and impunity,
it has also highlighted the double standard accorded to alleged drug peddlers – with the poor
immediately met with bullets while the rich are provided the “benefit of the doubt” and the
right to due process” (Karapatan, 2017). This trend has implications on the discussion of the
impact on the families left behind. Specifically, with a glaring majority of them already
marginalized on the basis of their socio-economic status, the impact is even harder as classbased discrimination interfaces with gender, age and other identities and affinities of
families.
There is a growing literature on the impact of the Philippine drug war on families left behind,
although these are mostly in the form of case documentation and features coming from
media and civil society reports. 1 The running themes from these documents include fears,
threats/intimidation, lack of access to socioeconomic, psychological and legal remedies from
the government, harassment of human rights defenders while continuous impunity for the
perpetrators and profiteering.
Fear, threats and intimidation
Ana lost her husband and 19-year old son. Together with her four children, they have to
change their address for fear of the police (Uy, 2017). Maria, lost two members of the family.
Her husband was also in the watchlist, so they decided to change residence and entrust their
children to their parents (Uy, 2017). Several staff of Amnesty International (AI) Philippines
had personally experienced being declined by witnesses or family members to talk about
what took place, citing safety reasons (Amnesty International, 2017). For instance, one
family in Metro Manila did not attend the wake of the family member that was shot dead by
a police officer at point-blank range (Amnesty International, 2017). Others requested that
their identities be concealed. In some cases, the neighbors refused to attend the wake of the
dead to avoid being associated with the person and his/her family (Ladrido, 2018). As a
result, families opted to silence their voices in fear of retaliation from the perpetrators.
Limited resource, high cost of justice
For every Tokhang victim, there is a woman wailing beside
- Neri Colmenares (in Lopez, 2018).
A major barrier for those who opted to pursue investigation and legal justice for the death of
their loved ones is the lack of economic resources. Not surprisingly only a few chose to bring
1
Apart from news and research reports cited, see also The Human Cost of the Philippine War on Drugs (NASWEI, 2017).
The casebook features 19 cases of accounts of the drug war from the perspective of drug surrenderees and families
whose loved ones were lost to the killings. It was written by social work faculty members from different universities and
colleges in the country.
Panaghoy: The Philippine War on Drugs from the Perspective of Women
March 2019
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