Amicus Curiae Brief presented by ClientEarth 21 November 2016 contributed around one fifth of all global greenhouse gas emissions since 1854, per Annex D to the Petition. 7.3 Ongoing and future activities 104. The operations and products of the Carbon Majors named in the Petition continue to be significant contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions.80 For example, in 2015, Chevron Corporation disclosed to the carbon accounting NGO CDP that it emitted the following quantities of greenhouse gas emissions during the reporting period 1 Jan 2014 - 31 Dec 2014) (in metric tonnes Co2e):  Scope 1: 55,746,124;  Scope 2: 4,686,702; and  Scope 3: 358,000,000 (use of sold products only);81  Total = 418,432,826. 105. By way of comparison, 418 Mt of Co2e is more than the total national emissions of most nation-states in 2012, including significant economies including Ukraine, Spain, Thailand, Poland, Spain, Argentina, Pakistan, Nigeria, Kazakhstan, Egypt, Malaysia, Venezuala and Vietnam.82 This simple comparison illustrates the huge impact that the operations and products of the Carbon Majors have on overall global 80 Based on information disclosed both voluntarily to organisations such as CDP and under mandatory reporting laws in various jurisdictions, for example, see Chevron's CDP 2015 response at https://www.chevron.com/-/media/chevron/corporate-responsibility/documents/CDP-2015.pdf 81 See Chevron's CDP Response for details at https://www.chevron.com/-/media/chevron/corporate-responsibility/documents/CDP-2015.pdf 82 Calculated by reference to the CAIT Climate Data Explorer, available at http://cait.wri.org/historical/Country%20GHG%20Emissions?indicator[]=Total%20GHG%20Emissions%20Excluding%20LandUse%20Change%20and%20Forestry&indicator[]=Total%20GHG%20Emissions%20Including%20LandUse%20Change%20and%20Forestry&year[]=2012&sortIdx=NaN&chartType=geo 50