Amicus Curiae Brief presented by ClientEarth 21 November 2016  Mitigation: States have an obligation to respect, protect, fulfil and promote all human rights for all persons without discrimination. Failure to take affirmative measures to prevent human rights harms caused by climate change, including foreseeable long-term harms, breaches this obligation…. Therefore, States must act to limit anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (e.g. mitigate climate change), including through regulatory measures, in order to prevent to the greatest extent possible the current and future negative human rights impacts of climate change.  Adaptation: States must ensure that appropriate adaptation measures are taken to protect and fulfil the rights of all persons, particularly those most endangered by the negative impacts of climate change such as those living in vulnerable areas (e.g. small islands, riparian and low-lying coastal zones, arid regions, and the poles).  Accountability and Remedies: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and other human rights instruments require States to guarantee effective remedies for human rights violations. Climate change and its impacts, including sea-level rise, extreme weather events, and droughts have already inflicted human rights harms on millions of people….Those affected, now and in the future, must have access to meaningful remedies including judicial and other redress mechanisms. The obligations of States in the context of climate change and other environmental harms extend to all rights-holders and to harm that occurs both inside and beyond 23