Definition of Terms Domestic legal remedy: This shall refer to the existence of laws addressing a particular harm/violation, the enforcement of said laws through investigation and prosecution, and the trial of the same through judicial processes. It shall likewise cover relief provided by the state; state laws, policy frameworks and justice mechanisms maintained or operated by the state and its agents; and other mechanisms where state authority is directly involved either in creation or administration. Corporate remedy: This shall refer to remedies provided by Internet intermediaries, e.g. internet service providers, search engines and portals, data processing and web hosting providers and participative networked platforms such as complaint mechanisms, corporate user policies, etc. Internet intermediaries: Internet intermediaries are the entities that bring together or facilitate transactions between third parties on the internet. They give access to, host, transmit and index content, products and services originated by third parties on the internet or provide internet-based services to third parties. Intermediaries are distinct from ‘content producers’, which are the individuals or organisations who are responsible for producing information and posting it online. For the purpose of this research, we are limiting our focus to the following internet intermediaries: internet service providers (ISPs), webhosting services, social networking sites, and telecommunications companies (particularly mobile network operators). Protection order: Depending on the law of a particular country, it is an order issued in cases of VAW to safeguard/protect the woman from further harm Restraining order: Depending on the law in a particular country, it is a general form of protection order ot legal injunction that requires a certain person/party from doing certain acts Legal processes: These refer to both events and actions that follow some prescribed procedure namely filing a formal complaint to the police or court, investigation and prosecution. <End Violence: Women’s Rights and Safety Online> 35

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