The IWRM strategy helped stakeholders and water managers adapt to the effects of climate
change on the water supply. In addition to increasing the knowledge of water resources and
the institutional capacity at the basin level, the process also created a platform for
stakeholder dialogue which empowered water users to participate in IWRM and climate
change adaptation processes through dialogue and decentralized water governance.319
See Matthew Craven, The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1998) at 292-293 (analysis of travaux préparatoires).
185 See CESCR, General Comment No 12, UN Doc E/C.12/1999/5, (12 May 1999) [General Comment No 12];
CESCR, General Comment No 4, UN Doc E/1992/23, (13 December 1991) [General Comment No 4]; CESCR,
General Comment No 7, UN Doc E/1998/22, (20 May 1997) [General Comment No 7]; CESCR, General Comment
No 15, UN Doc E/C.12/2002/11, (20 January 2003).
186 Human Rights Council, Resolution 15/...Human rights and access to safe drinking water and sanitation, UN Doc
A/HRC/15/L.14, (24 September 2010).
187 General Reporting Guidelines, supra note 64, Article 11.
188 ILO World Employment Conference, Target Setting for Basic Needs (1976) at 2.
189 ICESCR, supra note 21, Article 11; Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 24(c) [CRC]; Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Articles 25(f), 28(1) [CRPD]; Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women, Article 14(2)h [CEDAW]; International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of
Racial Discrimination, Article 5(e) [ICERD].
190 General Comment No 12, supra note 186 at para 6.
191 Ibid at para 4.
192 Ibid.
193 Ibid at para 6.
194 Ibid (“[t]he availability of food in a quantity and quality sufficient to satisfy the dietary needs of individuals,
free from adverse substances, and acceptable within a given culture” at para 8).
195 Ibid (“[t]he accessibility of such food in ways that are sustainable and that do not interfere with the
enjoyment of other human rights” at para 8).
196 Ibid at para 12.
197 Ibid at para 9.
198 Ibid at para 10.
199 Ibid at para 11.
200 Ibid at para 13.
201 Ibid.
202 ICESCR, supra note 21, Article 11. See also Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 25(1); ICERD, supra
note 190, Article 5 (e)(iii); CEDAW, supra note 190, Article 14(2); CRC, supra note 190, Article 27(3);
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, Article
43(1)d; CRPD, supra note 190, Articles 9(1)a), 28(1), (2)d).
203 ICESCR, supra note 21, Article 11.
204 General Comment No 4, supra note 186 at para 7.
205 Ibid.
206 Ibid at para 8.
207 Council of Europe, European Social Charter (rev’d), 3 May 1996, 2151 UNTS 277 EIFO, (1 July 1999).
208 UN Commission on Human Rights (CHR), Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, UN Doc
E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, (11 February 1998).
209 United Nations Security Council, Resolution 1286, UN Doc S/Res/1286, (19 January 2000).
210 UN Commission on Human Rights, Internally displaced persons, UN Doc E/CN.4/RES/2004/55, (20 April
2004).
211211 Protection of and assistance to IDP, GA Res 58/177, UN Doc A/RES/58/177, (12 March 2004).
212 Human Rights Council, Adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, Res 6/27, UN
Doc A/HRC/6/22, (14 December 2007).
213 Organization of American States, American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, 2 May 1948, OAS Res
XXX (1948).
214 Organization of American States, OAS Charter, 30 April 1948, 119 UNTS 3 EIFO, (13 December 1951).
184
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