2012. UN-facilitated peace talks between the Panamanian government and the Ngöbe-Buglé led to an agreement in March 2012 to carry out a review of the project’s disputed Environmental Impact Assessment. Environmental groups around the world are currently calling for the withdrawal of the project concession and the suspension from the CDM. They are also calling on banks and companies to freeze their support to the project.300 7.3 The Right to an Adequate Standard of Living in the Context of Climate Change Adaptation Policies Compared to mitigation policies, much less attention has been given by human rights commentators to the impact of adaptation policies on the right to adequate standards of living.301 Nevertheless, inappropriate adaptation planning may result in severe adverse impacts on the rights to food, water and housing, and can lead to ‘adaptation apartheid’.302 Differential human vulnerability of affected populations to climate change impacts must be thoroughly investigated through in-depth participation and consultation mechanisms.303 Regional and group disparities, intra-household dynamics and the influence of gender on accessibility all need to be understood at the design phase so as to address disparities in adaptive capacity.304 Right to Adequate Food States’ adaptation planning must take into account the impacts of climate change on the right to food across sectors, including agriculture, livestock, and fisheries. Information gathering and sharing is particularly important in order to adapt in the agricultural sector. Farmers need to be educated on future changes in local climatic conditions and given access to diversified crop seeds such as drought-tolerant or salt-tolerant species. In the case of climate-induced migration, States should take into account the added strain on food supply systems in areas where there is an influx of migrants. CASE STUDY: Tuvalu’s NAPA project to introduce salt-resistant crops National Adaption Programmes of Action (NAPAs) provide a process for addressing the immediate adaptation needs of LDCs with regard to climate change, including concerns regarding the right to food. LDC parties can submit their NAPAs to the UNFCCC Secretariat to become eligible for funding for the implementation of NAPA projects. Tuvalu’s 2007 NAPA identifies conditions threatening the enjoyment of the right to food within its jurisdiction. Tuvalu is a small island developing State that is particularly at risk from rising sea levels, as the average height of its atolls is less than 2 metres above sea level. It is already experiencing the serious effects of sea level rise, including the destruction of food crops caused by the rising saltwater table. In light of these circumstances, Tuvalu’s NAPA highlights the fact that saltwater intrusions305 due to rising sea levels will be worsened by the increasing frequency of extreme events; the combination of saltwater intrusion and rising temperatures will put stress on fruit trees, placing them at greater risk of pest infestation; and the combination of salt water intrusion and increasing frequency of extreme weather events will result in a loss of more than 50% in pulaka, coconut, banana and 69

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