(c) To respect existing social security schemes and protect them from unreasonable interference; (d) To adopt and implement a national social security strategy and plan of action; (e) To take targeted steps to implement social security schemes, particularly those that protect disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups; (f) To monitor the extent of the realization of the right to social security.167 A State party’s obligations can also be analyzed through the respect, protect, fulfill framework. As defined by the CESCR, the obligation to respect the right to social security requires States to “refrain from interfering directly or indirectly with the enjoyment of the right to social security.”168 Thus, social security must not be discriminatory, and the State should not deny or limit equal access to adequate social security. Furthermore, the State must not arbitrarily interfere with self-help, customary or traditional arrangements for social security, nor with institutional arrangements that provide social security.169 The obligation to protect requires States to prevent third parties from interfering with the right to social security. This obligation includes adopting the “necessary and effective legislative and other measures, for example, to restrain third parties from denying equal access to social security schemes operated by them or by others and imposing unreasonable eligibility conditions.”170 States should also prevent third parties from arbitrarily or unreasonably interfering with self-help or institutional social security measures.171 Finally, the obligation to fulfil the right to social security can be subdivided into the obligations to facilitate, promote and provide. These obligations may be defined as follows: 1. 2. 3. “The obligation to facilitate requires State to take positive measures assist individuals and communities to enjoy the right to social security.”172 “The obligation to promote obliges the State party to take steps to ensure that there is appropriate education and public awareness concerning access to social security schemes …”.173 “States parties are also obliged to provide the right to social security when individuals or a group are unable, on grounds reasonably considered to be beyond their control, to realize that right themselves, within the existing social security system with the means at their disposal.”174 Possible Impacts of Climate Change on the Right to Social Security The inter-linkages between climate change and social security are vast, as the effects of climate change add stress to wide range of pre-existing social issues. The IPCC warns that climate change will significantly increase the risk of lack of access to basic necessities. Causes include a decrease in crop productivity attributable to drought in seasonally dry and tropical regions, increase in costal erosion and flooding, and species extinction.175 Extreme weather events also provoke increases in injury, malnutrition, disease and death, and put a strain on 43