CEDAW/C/SR.l79 English Page 5 (Ms. Licuanan) contribute to family income and were also unable to afford the inevitable extra costs of such items as clothing and transport. .They were also more prone to illness and malnutrition, which affected school attendance. 20. In reply to question 2, she said that there were literacy campaigns for women, including rural women, launched at the initiative of both the Government and non-governmental organizations. 21. She was unable to give any precise figures in reply to question 3 and was not sure that full figures were available, apart from those recorded by professional examination boards. Since, however, the occupations referred to were male-dominated professions, she surmised that the graduation rate would be below 25 per cent, with the exception of the medical profession, in which both sexes were almost equally represented. The Commission had been lobbying against admission quotas which were lower for girls than for boys in some medical schools. As to specialization in the medical profession, certain branches such as gynaecology and obstetrics tended to attract more women than men. 22. In reply to question 4, she said that scholarships, awards and grants were equally available to men and women, but there were by no means enough of them for less well-off students. 23. In reply to question 5, she said that the majority of primary and secondary school teachers were women, but that the proportion of women university teachers was undoubtedly lower. A serious problem was that, although women teachers were in the majority, the senior positions in educational institutions and administration were held by men. 24. On question 6, she said that although she did not know whether the law programme specifically included women's studies in the curriculum, since the publication of the report the University of the Philippines had established a Centre for Women's Studies offering a women's studies programme on its various campuses. It currently had an M.A. degree programme with a Ph.D. programme planned, and she presumed that the Law Centre would soon have a similar programme. Article 11 25. In reply to question 1, she said that Senate Bill No. 65 had been enacted and guidelines were currently being implemented. A copy would be included in the next report. 26. Replying to question 2, she said that career and vocational guidance was not very highly developed in the Philippines as a whole, and more women counsellors were needed specifically to counsel women on careers. Guidance was still rather conventional, leading women into careers traditionally dominated by women. The Government was aware of the problem and was hoping to use women's studies programmes in universities to influence gender-sensitive career and vocational guidance. 27. In reply to question 3, she said that the tendency in her country, which could not afford a proliferation of administrative structures, was not to deal with gender discrimination through a separate mechanism. With regard to equal pay for I . ..