14 misled its customers, shareholders, or the general public in the United States or any other country? A15: Yes, based on our findings, we conclude that ExxonMobil misled nonscientific audiences about the state of climate science and its implications. It did so in three ways: (1) • Exxon and ExxonMobil Corp misled with discrepant communications: Both statistical and document-to-document discrepancies between advertorials and other documents lead us to conclude that ExxonMobil Corp misled the public about climate change as real and human-caused, serious, and solvable, and about the risks of stranded fossil fuel assets. • Statistically significant discrepancies also suggest that Exxon and ExxonMobil Corp’s non-peer-reviewed communications, which tended to be more orientated towards non-scientific audiences than peer-reviewed papers, were also sometimes misleading. (2) Mobil, Exxon, and ExxonMobil Corp misled with misinforming advertorials and non-peer-reviewed publications. Using as proxies for mainstream climate science both the conclusions of the IPCC and the science of Exxon and ExxonMobil Corp itself (ExxonMobil Corp says its “researchers recognized the developing nature of climate science at the time...[and] mirrored global understanding”), it is evident that Mobil, Exxon, and ExxonMobil Corp’s public communications were inconsistent with available scientific information and therefore misleading to public audiences [5,55]. (3) Exxon and ExxonMobil Corp misled by funding climate denial. Our study reveals overwhelming acknowledgement by both Exxon and ExxonMobil Corp scientists that climate change is real and humancaused. At the same time, it is well documented that from at least the late 1980s through to today, Exxon and ExxonMobil Corp have funded groups and individuals and participated in organizations that cast doubt in public on climate science [1,44–53]. This is a third way in which Exxon and ExxonMobil Corp misled the public. Q16: Do you recall if any of ExxonMobil’s private or public communications discussed impacts of anthropogenic climate change in the Philippines or any other countries? If so, could you describe what was said and whether there were any discrepancies between internal and public communication? A16: Yes, some of ExxonMobil’s communications discussed impacts of anthropogenic climate change. With a few exceptions, most of these discussions were geographically generalized. To my knowledge, the Philippines was not specifically discussed in any of the documents investigated.