19 People v. Sarabia, 376 Phil. 32, October 29, 1999. Appellee's Brief, p. 26, citing People v. De los Reyes, 229 SCRA 439, January 21, 1994. See also §5 of Rule 110 of the New Rules of Criminal Procedure and People v. Vergara, 221 SCRA 560, April 28, 1993. 20 People v. Rabanal, 349 SCRA 655, January 19, 2001; People v. Cario, 351 Phil. 644, March 31, 1998; People v. Baniel, 341 Phil. 471, July 15, 1997. 21 22 People v. Peralta, 350 SCRA 198, January 24, 2001. See Ibn-Tamas v. US, 477 A.2d 626, 1979 DC App. LEXIS 457; McLuckie v. Abbott, 337 F.3d 1193; 2003 US App. LEXIS 15240; DePetris v. Kuykendall, 239 F.3d 1057; 2001 US App. LEXIS 1062; State v. Kelley, 478 A.2d 364 (1984); McMaugh v. State, 612 A.2d 725 (RI 1992); State v. Frost, 577 A.2d 1282 (NJ Super. Ct. App. Div. 1990); State v. Gallegos, 719 P.2d 1268 (NM Ct. App. 1986); R. v. Lavallee (1990) 1 SCR; Reilly v. The Queen, (1984) 2 SCR 396. 23 Symposium on Domestic Violence. Article: "Providing Legal Protection for Battered Women: An Analysis of State Statutes and Case Law," LEXSEE 21 Hofstra L. Rev. 801 (Summer 1993), 1161. 24 McMaugh v. State, 612 A.2d 725, 731, quoting L. Walker, The Battered Woman, at XV (1979). 25 26 People v. Torres, 128 Misc2d, 129, 488 NYS2d 358; McMaugh v. State, 612 A.2d 725. Walker, Lenore, The Battered Woman Syndrome (1984), pp. 95-96. Dr. Walker, a clinical psychologist, is an acknowledged expert on BWS in the United States. She is a pioneer researcher in the field. In this book, she reports the results of her study involving 400 battered women. Her research was designed to test empirically the theories expounded in her earlier book, The Battered Woman (1979). In 1989, she also wrote Terrifying Love: Why Battered Women Kill and How Society Responds. 27 Walker, Terrifying Love: Why Battered Women Kill and How Society Responds (Harper Perennial, 1989), p. 42. 28 29 Ibid. See also R. v. Lavallee, supra; Ibn-Tamas v. US, supra. 30 Ibid. 31 Ibid. 32 TSN, August 6, 1998, pp. 12-19. 33 Exhibits 1 & 1-A; records, p. 44. 34 TSN, August 5, 1998, pp. 14-23, 27-31. 35 TSN, December 16, 1997, pp. 15-17 & 20-21.