CEDAW/C/PHI/4 English Page 46 observed that mechanisms to ensue women's participation in contemporary movements for social change e.g., peace-building and maintenance, environmental upkeep, and human rights movements, are very limited. 169. The issue of gender-biased social construction of knowledge-making and transmission needs special attention. Learning concepts used in schools which are founded on human experiences need proportionately and accurately to reflect women's contributions in key disciplines such as science, history, social studies, mathematics and language. As a corollary, formal and organized efforts to purposively introduce contemporary scholarships on women are very inadequate. 170. There is a continuing need to critique, monitor, review and evaluate the Philippine educational system in terms of content, methods and learning processes and institutional mechanisms and structures vis-à-vis its relevance and responsiveness to emerging gender roles. For example, classroom-related studies and researches on teacher practices ought to be conducted periodically to identify teacher practices that negate gender-fair messages or those that reinforce sexism and sex-role stereotyping. Socio-cultural research on values that contribute to gender biases needs to be implemented as a basis for policy formulation. 171. Key officials and personnel (e.g. decision makers, policy makers, planners, programme managers/implementors) in the sector need to acquire broader gender perspectives to ensure that education and training plans, policies, programmes and projects are gender-responsive. Likewise, there is a need to address the lack of a gender-based data and information system (at the national and subnational levels) in educational planning, policy and programme formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. VIII. ARTICLE 11 Elimination of discrimination in all aspects of employment; appreciation of marriage and maternity concerns; continuous review of protective legislation Situation 172. The National Statistics Office (NSO) gives the following estimates for 1994: Percentage female Percentage male Household population 15 years and above 50.3 49.7 Labor force participation rate 47.3 81.6 Unemployment rate 10.0 8.2 /...