CEDAW/C/PHI/5-6 361. Three of six informal sector workers are actually small farmers and unpaid family workers. Outside agriculture, self-employed workers account for about 86 percent of the employed, of whom 46 percent are in sales or trading, 28 percent in petty production, and 7 percent in various forms of services (Illo 2002b). The 1995 NSO urban informal sector survey reports that women account for at least 51 percent of operators of non-agricultural enterprises. Most of these involve traditional roles, such as sewing garments or retaso (surplus rags from garments industry), laundry and vending food or petty goods along the streets or in markets (Pineda Ofreneo 1999). There is also a preponderance of women among homeworkers in the garments, food, footwear and other manufacturing industries. In the country, five to seven million homebased women workers perform piece-rate work for the export industry and their number is growing. Most of them work under subcontracting arrangements. 362. Informal sector workers have very limited access to credit and to social protection enjoyed by employees in the formal sector, mainly because a great number of the workers are selfemployed, engaged in marginal activities. In cases where a semblance of employer-employee relationship exists, there are often no formal contracts, but only verbal agreements on the work terms and conditions, as is true for subcontract workers and homeworkers. Thus, informal sector workers generally suffer from irregular employment, low income, and unsatisfactory terms and conditions of work including non-entitlement to social security benefits (ILS 1996). Women in government 363. The Philippine civil service classifies government positions into career and non-career posts. Career positions are permanent or temporary appointments in executive and non-executive posts. Non-career positions cover executive (appointive), elective, coterminous and contractual appointments. Included in non-career executive posts are department secretaries and undersecretaries, chairpersons and members of constitutional offices and other high level appointees; elective officials; and coterminous employees, or confidential or personal staff of elective and non-career executive officials. In 1999, there were more than 1.4 million employees in government. Women formed 55.5 percent of career and 36.5 percent of noncareer positions. Although they occupied almost three-fourths of second-level career posts they are outnumbered among decision-makers (career third level and non-career executives) and higher paid employees. They also accounted for a small percentage of elective officials (BLES 2003d). 364. A study on the multiple burden of women and men in government indicated differences in perceived sources of stress at home and at work (OSHC 1999). Significantly more female respondents reported “inability to relax at home” after office work due to pressure of work at home, which is indicative of the multiple burden suffered by working women. The study prescribed flexible working arrangements to allow women to work from home and a stronger support network for women. Women entrepreneurs 365. A survey done by the Women’s Business Council in 1998 showed that there were womenowned and led businesses in all sectors, including electronics, and appliances, transportation, real estate, financial consultancy, restaurants, marketing and public relations, and publishing. Most of the women owner-managers of small and medium enterprises, however, were in 100