Memorandum for the Petitioners \ 92 8.56. The World Health Organization (WHO ) estimates that between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250,000 additional deaths per year from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea, and heat stress alone.396 Climate change can also affect mortality in other ways that are more difficult to quantify, such as by undermining livelihoods and displacing people from their homes, or exacerbating violent conflict over scarce resources. r 8. 57. In relation to the link between the right to life and climate change, David R. Boyd, the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment, issued a statement on the human rights obligations related to climate change, with a focus on the right to life, 397 for a climate case in Ireland , entitled “ Friends of the Irish Environment CLG v. The Government of Ireland, Ireland and the Attorney General.” The UN Special Rapporteur stated that: “(t)here is no doubt that climate change is already violating the right to life and other human rights today. In the future, these violations will expand in terms of geographic scope, severity, and the number of people affected unless effective measures are implemented in the short term to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect natural carbon sinks.”398 8.58. In the Philippines, the most significant climate-related threats to life include increases in storm intensity, extreme rainfall, flooding, and landslides, the effects of which will be exacerbated by sea-level rise in coastal areas, as well as prolonged droughts and heat waves. Severe storms like super typhoon Haiyan have already claimed tens of thousands of lives.399 r 8.59. Testimonies of community witnesses and survivors Ms. Marinel S. Ubaldo,400 Ms. Marielle Trixie J . Bacason,401 and Arthur S. Golong,402 who have seen losses of lives of friends and community members due to super typhoon Haiyan, and Ms. Amalia Baihan,403 who lost three (3) children and four (4) grandchildren, including a son-in-law, and Ms. Honeylyn A. Gonzales,404 who lost her parents and elder brothers, all due to tropical storm Schachter, B., supra note 394; Also see World Health Organization (2014), Quantitative risk assessment of the effects of climate change on selected causes of death, 2030s and 2050s , p. 1, available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream /handle/10665/134014/978924150769 l eng.pdf ?sequence= 1&isAllowed =y ( last accessed on 12 September 2019). 397 Schacter, B., supra note 394. 398 Boyd , D. (25 October 2018), UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and Environment, Statement on the human rights obligations related to climate change, with a particular focus on the right to life, para. 58, p. 13 , available at https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ Issues/Environment/FriendsIrishEnvironment25Oct2018.pdf ( last accessed on 12 September 2019). 399 Joint Summary of the Amicus Curiae, supra note 50, p. 23. 400 Exhibit “MMMMMM” to “MMMMMM 5,” Salaysay ni Marinel S. Ubaldo, dated 07 September 2018. 401 Exhibit ‘‘NNNNNNN” to “NNNNNNN 6,” Statement of Ms. Marielle Trixie J. Bacason, dated 22 October 2018. 402 Exhibit “LLLL” to “LLLL-4,” supra note 11 . 403 Exhibit “CCCCCCCCC” to “CCCCCCCCC-3 ” supra note 15. 404 Exhibit “111111111” to “111111111-4 ” supra note 15. 396 _ - -