Memorandum for the Petitioners | 36 5.20. In addition, the statements of the 2019 IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land entitled, “Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems” (“ IPCC SRCCL”),111 which focuses on GHGs fluxes related to land and interactions between climate change and desertification, land degradation, and food security, should also be accepted as material facts by the Honorable Commission. r 5.21. The 2019 IPCC SRCCL was the first IPCC report with land as a central focus since the 2000 Special Report on land use, land-use change, and forestry.112 The report builds upon IPCC SR 1.5 , the thematic assessment of the Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services ( IPBES) on Land Degradation and Restoration, the IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services , and the Global Land Outlook of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).113 5.22. The 2019 IPCC SRCCL presents the following key material facts: 5.22.1 . “Human use directly affects more than 70% (...) of the global, ice-free land surface” and “about a quarter of the Earth’s ice-free land area is subject to human-induced.»114 5.22.2 . The temperature over land has risen considerably more than the global average. “From 1850-1900 to 2006-2015 mean land surface air temperature has increased by 1.53°C since pre-industrial times,” compared with 0.87°C in the global mean surface temperature (“GMST” ) over land and oceans.115 C 5.22.3. The likelihood, intensity, and duration of many extreme events can be significantly modified by changes in IPCC 2019 , Summary for Policymakers: Climate Change and Land, In: Climate Change and Land, An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (hereinafter, “ IPCC 2019, Summary for Policymakers: Climate Change and Land”)- It is one of three special reports that the IPCC is preparing during the current Sixth Assessment Report cycle (including the SR 1.5 published in 2018 and a Special Report on Climate Change and Oceans, set to be published in September 2019), available at https://vvww.ipcc.ch/site/assets/ uploads/2019/08/4.-SPM Approved Microsite FINAL. pdf, (last accessed on 12 September 2019). 112 IPCC 2000 - Watson, R., et ah Cambridge University Press, UK. p. 375, available from Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building Shaftesbury Road , Cambridge CB2 2RU ENGLAND, available at https://www.ipcc.cIi/report/Iand- use- land -use-change-and-forestry/, (last accessed on 12 September 2019). 113 IPCC 2019, Summary for Policymakers: Climate Change and Land, supra note 111. 114 Id. Sec. AM and A 1.5, p.2. 1, 5 Id Sec. A2.1., p. 5. 111 _ _ _