Memorandum for the Petitioners | 35 Impacts and risks of 1.5°C vs. 2°C lea sheet tipping points Greenland and Antarctic instabilities, that could lead to irreversible matting and multi-meter sea-level rise, could be triggered at around 1.5*C - 2*C. . Risk of having a sea ce free Arctic summer could be limited into once per century, compared to once per decade in 1.5"C vs 2 “ C. SP P 1 34 . 1 Sea-level rise Up to 10 rnrlliori less peoale exposed to sea-level nsu rsks at 1.5C vs 2C 32. 1 Ocean imf>acts Ocean ecosystems are already experiencing large-scale changes, with critical thresholds expected to be reached at 1.5oC and above. TS13 Corals Warm water corals would lose a further 70-93% ol cover at 1.5 ‘ C global warming, and 99% at 2' C SPP 1 34.2 With 1.5*C the decrease in global annual catch tor marine fisheries is halved compared to 2‘C SPP 1 B4.4 Ecosystem Important benefits for terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems services and for the preservation ol their services to humans in 1.5‘C vs 2‘ C. SPP 1 33. 1 Fisheries Species loss & extinction . . SPP 1 . . . The number of sauces projected to lose over half of then range reduced SPP.I by 50% for plants, vertebrates anc 66% lor insects at 1.5“ C vs 2rtC. 33. 1 Ecosystems The terrestrial area affected by ecosystem transformation is approximately halved at 1.5"C vs. 2' C. TS12 Heatwaves Around 420 million fewer people be ng Irequcnily exposed to extreme heatwaves at 1.5"C vs Z’C. TS n The proportion of the world population exposed lo a climate-induced increase in water scarcity oould be reduced by up lo 5C % SPP 1 95 . 4 Four times more peope exposed lo rnuiL - sector climate risks and vulnerable to poverty at 2' C vs 1.54C (86- 1229 million vs 24-357 million). TaWt* 5.1 Ten limes more people exposed to lower crop yields at 2dC vs 1.5 * C. Table 3.4 Substantial increases in weather extremes between 1.5‘C and 2bC. SPM B1 Stabilising at 1.5 "C rather than 2 ‘C would save approximately 1.5-2.5 mil&on krn2 of permafrost. SPM 33 .3 Water scarcity r 32.2 TS 12 Arctic ' r SPM Multi-sector risks & poverty Food system Weather extremes Permafrost . Figure 3: Greenpeace International’s The Moment of Truth ( Key takeaways from the IPCC Special Report on 1 .5°C Wanning) 110 110 Greenpeace International ( 08 October 2018 ), The Moment of Truth ( Key takeaway s from the IPCC ’ Special Report on 1.5°C Warming), p. 2, available at https://securedstatic.greenpeace.org/taiwan/Global/taiwan/planet 3 /documents/ for _downIoad/CE/2018IPCC key takeaways.pdf ( last accessed on 12 September 2019).