The study of Brecht et al. (2012) also analyzed the vulnerability of cities in SEA, entailing several urban areas of the Philippines (Butuan, Cotabato, Manila, Taguig, and Kalookan). In general, they argued for a strong impact on urban agglomerations in SEA, as they are affected by increased TC intensity, SLR, and coastal flooding. Hanson et al. (2011) execute a ranking of the Port Cities in terms of exposure and vulnerability to climate extremes (they implement only the two Philippine cities Manila and Davao). They further checked for population and assets that are exposed to a certain SLR. Muto et al. (2010) conducted a study specifically on the study region Metro Manila focusing on the impacts of climate-induced floods and the influence of precipitation, sea-level rise and increased storminess on these floods. Working with the SRES scenarios B1 and A1F1 (extreme scenario), they found a SLR of 19 resp. 29 cm and a rainfall increase of 9.4 resp. 14.4% for the region that leads to storm surge height increases of up to 100 cm in both scenarios. In case of a 100-year-return-period flood in 2050, 24% of Manila’s GDP could be affected. Another major issue for urban agglomerations is the so-called Urban Heat Island Effect (UHI). Here, various literatures exists for many regions and cities worldwide (e.g. Oke, 1982; Arnfield, 2003). For the Philippines, e.g. Tiangco et al. (2008) analyzed the UHI for the city of Manila and found a temperature difference between rural and urban area of up to 3°C by applying remote sensing data. The economic power in SEA is concentrated in the urban agglomerations – Manila’s GDP accounts for roughly half of the country’s GDP (World Bank, 2103a). Both economic power and, as mentioned earlier, population are strongly increasing. Lack of adequate infrastructures and adaptation measures lead to an increase in vulnerability (Dodman, 2009). The strong typhoons of recent years show major impacts in particular on the water and sanitation supply system – after cyclone Ondoy in 2009, 100,000 people in central Luzon province were without piped water supply (GDFRR, 2009; World Bank, 2013a). Impacts on Health There are many ways in which climate change can affect the health and well being of the population. As already mentioned above, the EWEs, i.e. typhoons, have large impacts on the water and sanitation system of a region. Lack of clean water and appropriate sanitation could lead to serious diseases, such as diarrhea and cholera (World Bank, 2013a; Dolhun, 2013). Droughts could also be a reason for shortcomings in water and sanitation and therefore influence the transmission of diarrheal diseases in the area of SEA (ADB, 2011). Yumul et al. (2010), for example, stated that water consumption in the drought of 2007 had to be constrained to save water. The authorities attempted to deal with the shortage by giving domestic use priority over industrial and agricultural demand. Further Yumul et al. (2010) specifies that health concerns due drought not only involve humans (e.g. viral conjunctivitis), but also animals (e.g. hog cholera). Other diseases like malaria and dengue could increase due to flooding (ADB, 2011). A growing health burden is dengue fever transmitted by mosquitos. Due to climate conditions, the vector can survive year round and the recent development of rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, lack of a reliable water supply, and improper management and disposal of solid waste lead to a further propagation of the virus (Bravo et al., 2014). To what extent the occurrence of dengue is affected by weather and changing climate is widely discussed in the literature. Some literature analyze the effect 16