sexual abuse as in prostitution, and stunted selfactualization through training programs that are only offered to women who support mining operations in their communities17. These run contrary to Sec. 22 on the women’s Right to Decent Work which secures decent work standards for women that involve the creation of jobs of acceptable quality in conditions of freedom, equity, security, and human dignity. Although the State Party affirms that, for rural women in general, “it has been implementing a number of programs primarily to increase their access to resources for livelihood”22, there is evidence that hindrances are real for the full enjoyment of the right to livelihood. According to a 2014 report, there are 281 approved applications for large-scale mining operations covering at least 532,356 hectares, with the estimation that 100.000 people belonging to indigenous people form 39 different indigenous communities will be displaced. It means that they will lose their right to livelihood23. In Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya; MacArthur, Leyte; Salcedo, Eastern Samar; Manicani Island in Guiuan, Eastern Samar,, and Tampakan, South Cotabato, many stories of how mining operations drastically changed the livelihood and access to food of the communities which brought further distress upon women. In Kasibu, the sprouting up of brothels and videoke houses which provide entertainment services to migrant miners lure women to provide entertainment services as a means to earn a living with the disappearance of their sources of food and livelihood18. Fish kills in 2012 due to magnetite mining operations in MacArthur, Leyte being done half a kilometre away from Lake Bito denied the communities their source of food and livelihood19. Safe drinking water in Salcedo has become scarce due to contamination, and thus come skyrocketing prices of water for sale that a gallon costs up to PhP 200.00 including costs incurred for transportation20. Farms, forests, and other coastal resources were compromised in Manicani Island 21 and Tampakan, causing communities to lose their homes as well as access to food, medicine, and livelihood. These are direct infractions of Sec. 20 of the MCW on Food Security and Productive Resources which recognizes the contribution of women to food production and as such holds the State responsible in ensur[ing] its sustainability and sufficiency with the active participation of women and Sec. 23 on the Right to Livelihood, Credit, Capital, and Technology which secures for women (a) Equal access to formal sources of credit and capital and (b) Equal share to the produce of farms and aquatic resources. Right to Health Despite the efforts made by the Government of the Philippines to provide the access of health to indigenous women, especially through Sec. 17 on Women’s Right to Health and Sec. 27 on Social Protection of the MCW, the situation of indigenous and rural women in several areas within the country remains a concern. The access to basic health service has been a challenge for several years. Today, indigenous women still depend on their environment as the source of their livelihood as well as traditional remedies for health issues. In addition, natural hazards such as landslides and floods caused by mining activities pose security risks to communities living nearby. With the adverse effects of climate Judith A. Pasimio, “Policy Study on Women Human Rights and the Mining Industry in the Philippines,” (LILAK Purple Action for Indigenous Women’s Rights) 18 Farah Sevilla, “Tracing the impacts of mining among women in Philippine rural communities: the case of Ifugao women in Didipio, Kasibu” (25 November 2014) 19 Ibid 20 Judith A. Pasimio’s interview with Mayette Badar of PKKK Visayas, July 2012, Quezon City, in Judith A. Pasimio, “Policy Study on Women Human Rights and the Mining Industry in the Philippines,” (LILAK Purple Action for Indigenous Women’s Rights) 21 Ma. Daryl Leyesa, “A Woman With Choice”, in Stories from the Mines, eds Judy A. Pasimio, Edel Garingan, and Farah Sevilla (Alyansa Tigil Mina, 2012). 22 CEDAW/C/PHL/7-8, Philippines State Report, para. 155. 23 Estimation according to the KAMP, a national federation of indigenous peoples’ organisations in the Philippines, as cited in The Indigenous World 2005, published by the International Work Group for Indigenous Peoples, p. 257 17 6