Last updated: 08 June 2018 3.e. Data providers (DATA_SOURCE) Name: International data providers: OHCHR, UNESCO and ILO National data providers: national human rights institutions compliant with the Paris Principles and other relevant institutions at national level. Description: Global data on violence against journalists, trade unionists and other human rights defenders are collected by OHCHR, UNESCO and ILO using a common template and integrated into a single dataset, eliminating risks of double-counting. Complementary national data will be provided to OHCHR, UNESCO and ILO, as relevant, by member states, through their national human rights institutions, in collaboration with NSOs. At country level, the primary sources will be generally NHRIs working with civil society organizations and networks. 3.f. Data compilers (COMPILING_ORG) Name: A troika composed of OHCHR, UNESCO, ILO Description: At international level, data on violence against journalists, trade unionists and other human rights defenders will be regularly compiled and disseminated by the troika (OHCHR, UNESCO and ILO) through the Secretary General’s Annual SDG Report and the proposed Annual Global Report on Violence Against Human Rights Defenders. The troika will seek to work with further partners, to enhance dissemination of the indicator. 3.g. Institutional mandate (INST_MANDATE) 4. Other methodological considerations (OTHER_METHOD) 4.a. Rationale (RATIONALE) This indicator seeks to measure enjoyment of fundamental freedoms (e.g. freedom of opinion, freedom of expression and access to information, the right to peaceful assembly and freedom of association) on the premise that killing, enforced disappearance, torture, arbitrary detention, kidnapping and other harmful act against journalists, trade unionists and human rights defenders have a chilling effect on the exercise of these fundamental freedoms. What distinguishes this indicator from Indicator 16.1.1 (number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population by sex and age) aside from the broader scope of violent incidents, is the motivation or causal factor, i.e. that the violation was motivated by the victim having stood up to defend the rights of others, exercise fundamental freedoms, or have occurred while the victim was engaged in such activities. Alongside indicator 16.10.2 (number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy