G.R. No. 167614
18 of 33
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/march2009/167614.htm
and subjecting them to the peculiar disadvantage of having their monetary awards limited to their
salaries for 3 months or for the unexpired portion thereof, whichever is less, but all the while sparing
the other category from such prejudice, simply because the latter's unexpired contracts fall short of one
year.
Among OFWs With Employment
Contracts of More Than One Year
Upon closer examination of the terminology employed in the subject clause, the Court now has
misgivings on the accuracy of the Marsaman interpretation.
The Court notes that the subject clause or for three (3) months for every year of the unexpired
term, whichever is less contains the qualifying phrases every year and unexpired term. By its ordinary
[105]
meaning, the word term means a limited or definite extent of time.
Corollarily, that every year is
but part of an unexpired term is significant in many ways: first, the unexpired term must be at least one
year, for if it were any shorter, there would be no occasion for such unexpired term to be measured by
every year; and second, the original term must be more than one year, for otherwise, whatever would
be the unexpired term thereof will not reach even a year. Consequently, the more decisive factor in the
determination of when the subject clause for three (3) months for every year of the unexpired term,
whichever is less shall apply is not the length of the original contract period as held in
[106]
Marsaman,
but the length of the unexpired portion of the contract period -- the subject clause
applies in cases when the unexpired portion of the contract period is at least one year, which
arithmetically requires that the original contract period be more than one year.
Viewed in that light, the subject clause creates a sub-layer of discrimination among OFWs
whose contract periods are for more than one year: those who are illegally dismissed with less than
one year left in their contracts shall be entitled to their salaries for the entire unexpired portion thereof,
while those who are illegally dismissed with one year or more remaining in their contracts shall be
covered by the subject clause, and their monetary benefits limited to their salaries for three months
only.
To concretely illustrate the application of the foregoing interpretation of the subject clause, the
Court assumes hypothetical OFW-C and OFW-D, who each have a 24-month contract at a salary rate
of US$1,000.00 per month. OFW-C is illegally dismissed on the 12th month, and OFW-D, on the 13th
month. Considering that there is at least 12 months remaining in the contract period of OFW-C, the
subject clause applies to the computation of the latter's monetary benefits. Thus, OFW-C will be
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