F Knowledge and Capacity Development Building climate-resilient communities and ecosystems requires appropriate capacity and knowledge on the science, issues, and risks Enhancing knowledge on climate change is just as critical as improving the infrastructure to be resilient to its impacts. Creating a pool of science and evidence-based information derived from research and development is important for sound policy reforms and actions. One percent (or PHP 2.2 billion) of the climate budget in 2016 addresses Knoweldge and Capacity Development (KCD). This represents a decrease of 46 percent from 2015. As of FY 2016, two KCD outcome areas have climate expenditures, with support so far from two designated lead agencies — DOST and DILG, along with additional support from DENR, PCOO, DND and PLLO (Table 6). Figure 6: KCD NCCAP outcom es, outputs, and NGA responsibilities and associated PAPs Outcome Enhanced knowledge on the science of climate change Capacity for CC adaptation, mitigation, and disaster risk reduction at the local and community level enhanced Gendered CC knowledge management established and accessible to all sectors at all levels   Output Area Lead Agency Coordinating Agency Improved capacity for CC scenario modeling and forecasting DOST, CHED CCC, All NGAs, LGU Leagues Government capacity for CC adaptation and mitigation planning improved CC resource centers identified and established DOST, CCC All Agencies CICT, DILG, CCC All government agencies Formal and non-formal capacity development program for climate change science, adaptation and mitigation developed Gendered CC knowledge management established DepEd, CHED, TESDA, DILG, LGA All NGAs, Academic and training institutions CICT, DILG, CCC All agencies 26 Agencies with budgeted PAPs DENR (EMB, PCSD), DOST (PAGASA, PHIVOLCS), PCOO (BBS) DENR (PCSD), DND (NDCP), DOST (PHIVOLCS), DILG (LGA), PCOO (PIA), PLLO